Abstract: A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,3-propanediol by heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde in an aqueous solution at 30 to 180° C., at a hydrogenation pressure of 5 to 300 bar and a pH value of 2.5 to 7.0, wherein ruthenium on an oxide support is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of 1,3-propanediol by hydrating acrolein in the presence of an ion exchanger to form 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde includes reacting acrolein and water in a ratio by weight of 1:2 to 1:20 at 30.degree. to 120.degree. C. and a pressure in the range from 1 to 20 bar, in the presence of an ion exchange hydration catalyst. The ion exchanger and any unreacted acrolein are separated from the reaction mixture. The 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde is then catalytically hydrogenated in a liquid or gas phase using hydrogenation catalysts. The ion exchanger hydration catalyst includes polyamine/polycarboxylic acid resins produced by reacting polyamine resins based on a crosslinked polyacrylamide matrix with acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives or a salt of an .omega.-haloalkanoic acid. An ion exchanger includes reaction product of reacting a polyamine resin based on a crosslinked polyacrylamide matrix with acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives or .omega.-haloalkanoic acid salts.

Abstract: A process for producing polyhydroxy ethers having the formula (I) (HO).sub.(w--M) W(OV).sub.m, in which W represents an organic group and OV a structural element containing hydroxyl groups, having the formula (III) ##STR1## A multifunctional alcohol W(OH).sub.w (II) is reacted with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound XCH.dbd.CY--CZ.dbd.O (IV) and formaldehyde in the presence of a base. The .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound (IV) and the remaining quantities of formaldehyde, multifunctional alcohol (II) and base are added continuously or periodically to an aqueous solution or suspension containing at least 10 mole % of the multifunctional alcohol (II), at least 10 to 70 mole % of the formaldehyde and at least 10 mole % of the base. Preferred multifunctional alcohols (II) are pentaerythritol, TMP and TME. Preferred carbonyl compounds (IV) are acrolein and .alpha.-alkylacrolein. New asymmetric polyhydroxy ethers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing .epsilon.-caprolactam from cyclohexanone in the gaseous phase using MFI catalysts on whose surface symmetrically arranged OH groups are present.

Abstract: A reactor for performing endothermic catalytic reactions is disclosed formed of a monolithic counterflow reactor with parallel heating and reaction channels. The internal walls of the reaction channels are coated with a catalyst for the catalytic reaction to be performed, while the internal walls of the heating channels have a catalyst for the catalytic combustion of a fuel gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of producing .epsilon.-caprolactam by the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime using (B) .beta. zeolites as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing catalytically active coatings for the synthesis of hydrogen cyanide on moulded items substantially consisting of aluminum oxide. The catalytically active coatings contain, as active components, at least one platinum group metal and a nitride waich are applied to the moulded item by means of a coating dispersion which contains the active components as finely divided solids. This means that the hitherto conventional production of aluminum nitride during the forming process is not required. The coatings therefore achieve their final activity level, which is well above that of conventional coatings, very rapidly. In addition, these catalysts can be started up under high load and have a lower operating temperature.

Abstract: Reactor heads for the feed and withdrawal of a fuel gas/air mixture and of an educt gas mixture into the heating ducts and reaction ducts respectively of a monolithic countercurrent reactor. The reactor heads are provided with guide pipes, which feed the gas mixtures into the ducts assigned to them and withdraw them from these ducts.

Abstract: A catalyst for the synthesis of methyl mercaptan from hydrogen sulfide and methanol as well as a process for preparation of the catalyst. The catalyst is an active aluminum oxide onto which 5 to 25% by weight potassium tungstate is deposited as an activator. A two-stage impregnation with intermediate drying produces a catalyst which exhibits distinctly better selectivity for formation of methyl mercaptan than catalysts obtained by single-stage impregnation.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-hydroxyalkanals having 3 to 12 carbon atoms by hydration of 2-alkenals with homogeneous catalysis, by using as catalyst a compound corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein: z denotes H, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl, --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3) --Y' or --(CH.sub.2).sub.o --Y'R denotes H, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, .omega.-hydroxy --C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl, --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--Y' or --(CH.sub.2).sub.o --Y'Y and Y' are identical or different and denote --COOH, --P(O) (OH).sub.2, --OH, pyridyl, or --P(O) (CH.sub.2 OH)OH, wherein the acid functional group may be present partly in the form of its alkali metal salt, alkaline-earth salt or ammonium saltn denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 where Y is --COOH, --P(O) (OH).sub.2, pyridyl or --P(O) (CH.sub.2 OH) OH; 2 or 3 where Y is --OHo denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 where Y' is --COOH, --P(O) (OH).sub.2, pyridyl or --P(O) (CH.sub.2 OH)OH; 0, 2 or 3 where Y' is --OH.

Abstract: An ammoxidizable compound is reacted with an ammonium salt, especially an inorganic ammonium salt, in the presence of a source of oxygen and an ammoxidation catalyst at 100 to 700.degree. C., preferably 200 to 700.degree. C., in order to produce cyano compounds of the formula R--CN, in which R is H or an organic group.

Abstract: A process for preparing catalytically active coatings for the synthesis of hydrogen cyanide on moulded items substantially consisting of aluminum oxide. The catalytically active coating contain, as active components, at least one platinum group metal and a nitrate which are applied to the moulded item by means of a coating dispersion which contains the active components as finely divided solids. This means that the hitherto conventional production of aluminum nitride during the forming process is not required. The coatings therefore achieve their final activity level, which is well above that of conventional coatings, very rapidly. In addition, these catalysts can be started up under high load and have a lower operating temperature.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,3-trialkoxypropane by acid-catalyzed reaction of acrolein with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alcohol, which can be carried out well on a large scale and leads to a higher selectivity. The process involves (a) the reaction, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst which is insoluble in the reaction mixture, (b) a partial neutralization of the reaction mixture, using an amine or basic ion exchanger, and (c) specific recovery by distillation of the reaction mixture and recirculation of fractions containing useful materials; aqueous fractions containing recyclable useful materials are largely dehydrated by pervaporation prior to being recirculated.

Abstract: A method of producing cyanopyridines by means of the catalytic reaction of methylpyridines with ammonia and oxygen at elevated temperature using catalysts consisting of compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, silicon, titanium and oxygen and compounds of one or more of the alkali metals as well as a method of producing the catalysts and the catalysts themselves.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of methyl mercaptan by catalytic reaction of methanol and hydrogen sulfide. Significant improvements in the pretreatment of the feed gas mixture and in utilization of the heat of reaction and the heat content of the product gas mixture. The energy required to vaporize the methanol is derived partly from utilization of the heat of compression of the hydrogen sulfide gas and from the heat content of the product gas leaving the reactor. The heat of reaction is utilized to heat the feed gas mixture to the reaction temperature, with the help of an external gas heater.

Abstract: A process for separating the product gas mixture from the catalytic synthesis of methyl mercaptan. Because of improved separation of the product gas mixture into its components, less hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are lost in discharging the inert gases than in the known process. The inert gases can be burned without after-treatment of the exhaust gas. Likewise, the process water that is discharged is less contaminated with polysulfides.

Abstract: A catalyst for the synthesis of methyl mercaptan from hydrogen sulfide and methanol, as well as a process for preparing the catalyst. The catalyst contains active aluminum oxide on which 15% to 40% by weight cesium tungstate is deposited as the activator. The activator, cesium tungstate, gives an unexpected increase in activity and selectivity as compared with potassium tungstate, which is used exclusively at the present state of the art.