Abstract: The present invention is related generally to recovering metals from waste electronics, and more particularly to a process to recover copper and gold commonly found in waste printed circuit boards using a lixiviant containing a weak acid such as citric acid or acetic acid, a particular concentration of table salt and an oxidizer. By using this lixiviant, the copper found in the printed circuit board reacts to form copper salts and gold becomes detached. Importantly this recovery method of copper and gold found in waste PCBs is fast, does not pose environmental hazards and is economically feasible.

Abstract: The present invention is related generally to recovering metals from waste electronics, and more particularly to a process to recover copper and gold commonly found in waste printed circuit boards using a lixiviant containing a weak acid such as citric acid or acetic acid, a particular concentration of table salt and an oxidizer. By using this lixiviant, the copper found in the printed circuit board reacts to form copper salts and gold becomes detached. Importantly this recovery method of copper and gold found in waste PCBs is fast, does not pose environmental hazards and is economically feasible.

Abstract: The present invention is related generally to recovering metals from waste electronics, and more particularly to a process to recover copper and gold commonly found in waste printed circuit boards using a lixiviant containing a weak acid such as citric acid or acetic acid, a particular concentration of table salt and an oxidizer. By using this lixiviant, the copper found in the printed circuit board reacts to form copper salts and gold becomes detached. Importantly this recovery method of copper and gold found in waste PCBs is fast, does not pose environmental hazards and is economically feasible.

Abstract: The present invention is related generally to recovering metals from waste electronics, and more particularly to a process to recover copper and gold commonly found in waste printed circuit boards using a lixiviant containing a weak acid such as citric acid or acetic acid, a particular concentration of table salt and an oxidizer. By using this lixiviant, the copper found in the printed circuit board reacts to form copper salts and gold becomes detached. Importantly this recovery method of copper and gold found in waste PCBs is fast, does not pose environmental hazards and is economically feasible.

Abstract: A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 ?m may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 ?m to 1.7 ?m in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

Abstract: A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 ?m may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 ?m to 1.7 ?m in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

Abstract: A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 ?m may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 ?m to 1.7 ?m in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

Abstract: A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 ?m may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 ?m to 1.7 ?m in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

Abstract: A toner composition having improved toner usage efficiency, wherein toner particles having an average size range of 1-25 ?m may be mixed with an extra particulate additive package including a first small silica surface treated with both a silane and an aminosilane having a primary particle size of about 5 nm-20 nm, a second fumed silica having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm, a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm, an electro-conductive titania having a primary particle size of 30 nm-60 nm and an acicular titania having a size of about 1.6 ?m to 1.7 ?m in length and about 130 nm in diameter. An alternative embodiment of the extra particulate additive package does not include a third silica having a primary particle size of about 70 nm-120 nm.

Abstract: A toner composition includes low and high molecular weight polyester resins. It also includes a release agent, such as a polyolefin wax, and a tri-block copolymer having a structure of the form A-b-B-b-A, wherein A is a hard block and B is a soft block. The hard block is styrene, while the soft block is butadiene/butylene. Upon partial hydrogenation, the copolymer provides improved dispersion, mobility control, and domain size of the release agent.

Abstract: A color toner image with a metallic effect can be prepared by forming one or more latent images and developing them with non-conductive metallic dry toner particles and color toner particles. The developed color toner image can be transferred to a receiver material, and fixed to provide a color toner image with a metallic effect. The non-conductive metallic dry toner particles have a polymeric binder phase and non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed therein. Before fixing, each non-conductive metallic dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (Dvol) of 15-40 ?m and the non-conductive metal oxide particles are present in an amount of at least 20-50 weight %. The ratio of the non-conductive metallic dry toner particle Dvol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the non-conductive metallic dry toner particles is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10.

Abstract: Fluorescing highlights can be provided in selected portions of non-color image areas of a printed toner image using fused fluorescing dry toner particles, such as fused fluorescing magenta or fused fluorescing yellow dry toner particles. Before fixing, each fluorescing dry toner particle comprises a polymeric binder phase and a fluorescing colorant that emits at one or more ?max wavelengths of at least 420 nm and up to and including 690 nm and that is dispersed within the polymeric binder phase. The resulting printed color images and fluorescent highlights can be provided on receiver materials of various types to accentuate or emphasize the printed color images with a variety of light-colored fluorescent shading.

Abstract: A color toner image with a metallic effect can be prepared by forming one or more latent images and developing them with non-conductive metallic dry toner particles and color toner particles. The developed color toner image can be transferred to a receiver material, and fixed to provide a color toner image with a metallic effect. The non-conductive metallic dry toner particles have a polymeric binder phase and non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed therein. Before fixing, each non-conductive metallic dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (Dvol) of 15-40 ?m and the non-conductive metal oxide particles are present in an amount of at least 20-50 weight %. The ratio of the non-conductive metallic dry toner particle Dvol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the non-conductive metallic dry toner particles is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10.

Abstract: Fluorescing highlights can be provided in selected portions of non-color image areas of a printed toner image using fused fluorescing dry toner particles, such as fused fluorescing magenta or fused fluorescing yellow dry toner particles. Before fixing, each fluorescing dry toner particle comprises a polymeric binder phase and a fluorescing colorant that emits at one or more ?max wavelengths of at least 420 nm and up to and including 690 nm and that is dispersed within the polymeric binder phase. The resulting printed color images and fluorescent highlights can be provided on receiver materials of various types to accentuate or emphasize the printed color images with a variety of light-colored fluorescent shading.

Abstract: A color toner image with a metallic effect can be prepared by forming one or more latent images and developing them with metallic dry toner particles and color toner particles. The developed color toner image can be transferred to a receiver material, and fixed to provide a color toner image with a metallic effect. The metallic dry toner particles have a polymeric binder phase and non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed therein. Before fixing, the metallic dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (Dvol) 15-40 ?m and the non-conductive metal oxide particles are present in an amount of at least 20-50 weight % based on total metallic dry toner particle weight. The ratio of the metallic dry toner particle Dvol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the metallic dry toner particles is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10.

Abstract: Fluorescing highlights can be provided in selected portions of non-color image areas of a printed toner image using fluorescing dry toner particles, such as fluorescing magenta and fluorescing yellow dry toner particles. Before fixing, each fluorescing dry toner particle comprises a polymeric binder phase and a fluorescing colorant that emits at one or more ?max wavelengths of at least 420 nm and up to and including 690 nm and that is dispersed within the polymeric binder phase.

Abstract: A method for forming a tactile printed image on a receiver medium to convey information to a visually-impaired person from image data having an array image pixels with binary pixel values. The tactile printed image by depositing tactile marking material onto the receiver medium, wherein no tactile marking material is deposited onto portions of the receiver medium corresponding to image pixels having a first state, and tactile marking material is deposited onto portions of the receiver medium corresponding to image pixels having the second state. The receiver medium has a first coefficient of friction, and the portions of the tactile printed image having deposited tactile marking material are raised by at least 20 microns relative to the surface of the receiver medium and have a second coefficient of friction which differs from the first coefficient of friction by at least 0.06.

Abstract: A composite color toner image can be enhanced in a printed receiver material by having a separate fluorescing magenta toner image applied over it to provide a “pinkish” fluorescing effect. This separate fluorescing magenta toner image is obtained using visible fluorescing dry magenta toner particles, each of which has a polymeric binder phase and a visible fluorescing colorant that emits at one or more peak wavelengths of from 510 nm and to and including 590 nm. The covering power of the fused visible fluorescing magenta toner particles in the enhanced composite color toner image is at least 350 cm2/g to and including 1100 cm2/g, and the covering power of each of the non-fluorescing cyan, non-fluorescing yellow, non-fluorescing magenta, and non-fluorescing black toner particles in the enhanced composite color toner image is at least 1500 cm2/g to and including 2300 cm2/g.

Abstract: A fluorescing dry toner particle comprises a polymeric binder phase comprising a non-fluorescing binder polymer and a polymeric fluorescing colorant dispersed within the non-fluorescing binder polymer. The polymeric fluorescing colorant comprises a fluorescing moiety that is covalently attached to a colorant polymer that is the same or different than the non-fluorescing binder polymer, but the polymeric fluorescing colorant is blendable with the non-fluorescing binder polymer to form a homogeneous polymeric binder matrix, and is present in an amount of at least 1 weight % and up to and including 40 weight %, based on the total fluorescing dry toner particle weight. These fluorescing dry toner particles can be used in various dry developers to provide fluorescing toner images with or without non-fluorescing color toner images.

Abstract: A nonporous dry toner particle has a polymeric binder phase and non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed therein. The nonporous dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (Dvoi) before fixing of at least 15 ??? to 40 ???. The non-conductive metal oxide particles have as aspect ratio of at least 5 and an ECD of at least 2 ???. They are present in an amount of at least 15 to 50 weight % based on total nonporous dry toner particle weight. The ratio of the nonporous dry toner particle Dvoi to the ECD of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the nonporous dry toner particles, before fixing, is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10. These nonporous dry toner particles can be included in dry one-component or two-component developers and used to form electrophotographic printed toner images exhibiting special effects such as a metallic effect.