Abstract: The invention relates to an illumination system (10) for illuminating a display device, and to the display device. The illumination system comprises a light distribution element (20 for distributing light across the display device. The light distribution element comprises a light output window (40), a rear wall (42) situated opposite the light output window, and edge walls (44, 46) extending between the light output window and the rear wall, at least one of the edge walls comprising a light input window (48) for admitting light into the light distribution element. The light distribution element further comprises specularly reflective light-outcoupling means (50) for specularly reflecting light from the light distribution element towards the display device via the light output window. A first light beam (100) comprises light of a first primary color (R) impinging on the light input window for coupling the light of the first primary color into the light distribution element.

Abstract: A lens structure for a display device comprises a lenticular arrangement, the lenticular arrangement comprising an array of parallel lenticular elements and comprising a birefringent layer. The extraordinary axis of the birefringent layer is arranged to be substantially at an angle between 30° and 90° with the elongate axis of the lenticular elements.

Abstract: A device for generating at least blue light comprises a control circuit (4) which receives a control signal (CS) defining a variation of a spectrum of the blue light to control a photo-biological effect of a vertebrate. Therefore, first blue light (BL1) is generated with a first predominant wavelength (PW1) having a first photo-biological effect, or second blue light (BL2) is generated with both a second predominant wavelength (PW2), being shorter than the first predominant wavelength, and a third predominant wavelength (PW3), being longer than the first predominant wavelength; the second blue light (BL2) has a second photo-biological effect different from the first photo-biological effect, while the first blue light (BL1) and the second blue light (BL2) have substantially identical colors and intensities.

Abstract: A method of displaying an image having at least two different image settings comprises the steps of providing at least three different partial images, and displaying the at least three partial images. A first and second pair of partial images constitute the image having a first image setting and the same image having a second image setting respectively, such that the image having both image settings is visible. The partial images may be displayed either simultaneously or consecutively. The settings may comprise contrast, brightness and/or depth settings.

Abstract: In electrophoretic displays, grey values are realized using at least three electrodes for bistable operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a color display device for display a color image and a method of operating such display. The color display device is provided with a plurality of picture elements, two selectable light sources having different predetermined radiance spectra, color selection means which in combination with the selectable light sources is able to produce respective first and second primary colors on the display panel and control means arranged to select alternately one of the selectable light sources and to provide a portion of the picture elements with image information corresponding to the respective primary colors obtainable with the selected light source. The primary colors of the display device can be selected in a time sequential and space sequential way which enable a reduction of a color break-up.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lighting device wherein an in-coupled light flow is at least partly constrained within a light-guide plate (4) by means of total internal reflection. The device includes means for achieving a selective local light output from the output surface (6) of the light-guide plate, such that the intensity of the emitted light flow from the light guide can be locally controlled over its output surface area. This is achieved by a number of closed cells adjoining the output surface. Each cell contains a liquid element (11), the form of which may be manipulated by electrowetting, such that the liquid can be brought to a greater or lesser extent into optical contact or out of optical contact with a local area of the output surface (6), thereby varying the intensity of the locally out-coupled light flow therethrough. The cell may be built up by the light-guide plate (4), a support plate (8) and lateral wall parts (9,10).

Abstract: Color selection and grey values are obtained in electrophoretic displays causing pixels, which have a main reservoir (16) surrounded by auxiliary reservoirs (18) for the primary colors and an entrance electrode (13), to move particles to the main display area and further electrodes (14, 26, 27) for grey value selection.

Abstract: A touch-sensitive display is made by incorporating a pressure dependent resistive polymer composite into the polymer networks, which are components of the electro-optical pixels. Examples are PDLC, electrophoretic displays, polymer dispersed guest/host systems and other polymer dispersed LC devices.

Abstract: In electrophoretic displays, grey values are realized by introducing a further electrode (6′) in addition to the conventional electrodes (6, 7)for bistable operation.

Abstract: In a vertical aligned LCD the other substrate has further protrusion parts e.g. parallel to the gate buses or source buses, in addition to the protrusion parts parallel to slits of pixel electrodes. By the further protrusion, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, it becomes easy to align axes of liquid crystal molecules in one direction, so that transmittivity of light which travels through liquid crystal panel becomes high.

Abstract: A device and method having a stationary radiation source for directing polychromatic radiation such that the radiation is incident on a sample to be inspected in parallel or diverging rays, and a position-sensitive, energy-sensitive detector for measuring components of the radiation reflected by the sample thereby providing for the efficient and effective inspection of the sample.

Abstract: Color selection and grey values are obtained in electrophoretic displays causing pixels, which have a main reservoir (16) surrounded by auxiliary reservoirs (18) for the primary colors and an entrance electrode (13), to move particles to the main display area and further electrodes (14, 26, 27) for grey value selection.

Abstract: In multi-color electrophoretic displays, grey values are realized by introducing a further electrode (6′) in addition to the conventional electrodes (6, 7) for bistable operation. Several embodiments are shown.

Abstract: The effect of twisting motion of LC molecules in multi-domain pixels of vertically aligned nematic LCDs, which leads to image retention, is reduced by applying a reset pulse which reduces the LCD voltage to below threshold. Several methods of reset (multiple counter electrodes, reset from column drivers, direct block reset, reset via storage capacitor line) are possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to the reflectometric analysis of samples. As opposed to conventional methods where a very small area of the sample is analyzed by irradiation by means of focused radiation and the reflected radiation is measured by position-sensitive detection, the invention utilizes a parallel or a diverging beam so as to irradiate a larger area of the sample simultaneously and also utilizes position-sensitive and energy-sensitive detection so as to derive information concerning a plurality of spots of the irradiated area of the sample at the same time.