Abstract: A transmission fluid composition contains a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock, and a minor amount of an additive package comprising: (i) a mixture comprising two or more phosphites and/or phosphates; (ii) one or more thioester compounds; (iii) one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds; and (iv) one or more oil-soluble or dispersible molybdenum-containing compounds. Such a transmission fluid may be used for controlling and/or reducing wear, e.g., in a manual transmission.

Abstract: A transmission fluid composition contains a major amount of a lubricating oil basestock, and a minor amount of an additive package comprising: (i) a mixture comprising two or more phosphites and/or phosphates; (ii) one or more thioester compounds; (iii) one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds; and (iv) one or more oil-soluble or dispersible molybdenum-containing compounds. Such a transmission fluid may be used for controlling and/or reducing wear, e.g., in a manual transmission.

Abstract: Sulfurized calcium phenate detergents having a reduced unsulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol content are made by: (A) providing, made from an unsulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol, a sulfurized calcium phenate detergent that, optionally, may have been further reacted with carbon dioxide; (B) adding to the detergent from 1 to 100 mass %, based on the mass of the detergent, of an organic solvent that has a boiling point of above 100° C. and below the boiling point of the unsulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol; and (C) removing the organic solvent from the detergent thereby to reduce the unsulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol content.

Abstract: A sulphurised calcium phenate detergent is made by (i) reacting hydrogenated distlled CNSL with a calcium salt and sulphur in the presence of a promoter and process solvent; (ii) reacting the product of (i) with additional calcium salt and promoter, and with a co-surfactant, and then carbonating; and optionally (iii) further carbonating the reaction mixture to obtain overbased sulphurised calcium phenate.

Abstract: A sulphurised calcium phenate detergent is made by (i) reacting hydrogenated distlled CNSL with a calcium salt and sulphur in the presence of a promoter and process solvent; (ii) reacting the product of (i) with additional calcium salt and promoter, and with a co-surfactant, and then carbonating; and optionally (iii) further carbonating the reaction mixture to obtain overbased sulphurised calcium phenate.

Abstract: A sulphurised calcium phenate detergent prepared by the following stages: i) reacting one or more alkyl phenol materials comprising hydrogenated distilled cashew nut shell liquid with first defined amounts of a calcium salt and of a promoter, and with sulphur, in the presence of a process solvent; and (ii) reacting the product of stage (i) with second defined amounts of the calcium salt and of the promoter and carbonating the product; the total amount of calcium salt and of promoter being such as to provide a sulphurised phenate of desired TBN, and the first amount of each of the calcium salt and of the promoter in stage (i), relative to its total amount in the method, being less than 50, expressed as a molar percentage. The sulphurised calcium phenate has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of greater than 750 and less than 1200 cSt.