Abstract: Disclosed is a memory block refreshing method. The method includes storing a read command in a first register to queue read refresh operations in a case that the read command causes a read counter value to reach a read refresher threshold value, the read counter value indicating a number of read operations performed, adjusting the read refresher threshold value based on a number of first memory blocks corresponding to the queued read refresh operations to obtain a new read refresher threshold value, and performing a mover read operation for moving data from the first memory blocks to second memory blocks different from the first memory blocks upon determination that the read counter value has reached the new read refresher threshold value.

Abstract: A controller of a memory system optimizes parameters of firmware (FW). The controller receives, from a host, a set workload among multiple workloads, each workload including a corresponding restriction on performance metrics. The controller searches for a suboptimal parameter set satisfying restrictions for all workloads among multiple parameter sets for the firmware, based on the set workload, each parameter set including a plurality of parameters, each parameter associated with one or more performance metrics of the memory system.

Abstract: A controller of a memory system automatically tunes parameters of firmware (FW). The controller includes firmware and a performance optimizer. The performance optimizer is configured to: compute one or more performance and power metrics based on commands received from the host; select a parameter set among multiple parameter sets for the firmware based on the one or more performance and power metrics; and provide the selected parameter set to use in one or more flash translation layers.

Abstract: A controller of a memory system optimizes parameters of firmware (FW). The controller receives, from a host, a set workload among multiple workloads, each workload including a corresponding restriction on performance metrics. The controller searches for a suboptimal parameter set satisfying restrictions for all workloads among multiple parameter sets for the firmware, based on the set workload, each parameter set including a plurality of parameters, each parameter associated with one or more performance metrics of the memory system.