Abstract: A method for providing frequency response for a plant coupled to an electric power grid, the plant having an intermittent energy source, comprising: measuring frequency of the power output from the plant and determining a first difference between the measured frequency and a frequency reference; measuring power output from the plant and storing the measured power output as a stored value; while the first difference is within a deadband, determining a second difference as a difference between a power reference and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates over-frequency, determining the second difference as a difference between the stored value and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates under-frequency, setting the second difference equal to the power reference; generating an error by limiting a sum of the first and second differences between error limits; generating a control signal; and, applying the control signal to the source.

Abstract: A method for controlling power flow between a renewable energy plant and an electric power grid, the plant having an intermittent energy source, the method comprising: using a control system, measuring power output from the plant and determining a first difference between the measured power output from the plant and a power reference; measuring frequency deviation of the power output from the plant and determining a second difference between the measured frequency deviation and a frequency deviation reference; generating a first error by limiting a sum of the first and second differences between predetermined minimum and maximum power error limits; modelling power output from the source and determining a second error between the modelled power output from the source and a control signal applied to the source to control the power output therefrom; and, generating the control signal by applying the first and second errors to a PI loop.

Abstract: A method for providing primary frequency response for a renewable energy plant coupled to an electric power grid, the renewable energy plant having an intermittent energy source coupled thereto by an inverter, the method comprising: using a renewable energy plant control system, measuring frequency and determining a first difference signal between the measured frequency and a frequency reference; measuring power output from the renewable energy plant and determining a second difference signal between the measured power output and a power reference; generating an error signal from a sum of the first and second difference signals; generating a control signal by applying the error signal to a controller; limiting the control signal output from the controller to between predetermined minimum and maximum power limits for the inverter; while the control signal is limited by the predetermined minimum power limit for the inverter, disabling an integral function of the controller; and, applying the control signal to t

Abstract: A method for managing a microgrid, the microgrid having an intermittent energy source and energy storage, comprising: using a microgrid asset management system, dispatching the energy storage to maintain optimal power flow to and from a power grid by: producing a generation forecast and a generation forecast error probability distribution for an intermittent energy source coupled to the microgrid from a historic generation forecast and one or more measurements; generating random intermittent energy source generation inputs from at least one of historic generation data, the historic generation forecast, and the generation forecast error probability distribution; using the random intermittent energy source generation inputs, calculating a microgrid performance value using a microgrid performance model and a microgrid financial value using a microgrid financial model; and, selecting an energy storage dispatch scenario to optimize operation of the microgrid using at least one of the microgrid performance value an

Abstract: A method for controlling power flow between a renewable energy plant and an electric power grid, the plant having an intermittent energy source, the method comprising: using a control system, measuring power output from the plant and determining a first difference between the measured power output from the plant and a power reference; measuring frequency deviation of the power output from the plant and determining a second difference between the measured frequency deviation and a frequency deviation reference; generating a first error by limiting a sum of the first and second differences between predetermined minimum and maximum power error limits; modelling power output from the source and determining a second error between the modelled power output from the source and a control signal applied to the source to control the power output therefrom; and, generating the control signal by applying the first and second errors to a PI loop.

Abstract: A method for providing frequency response for a plant coupled to an electric power grid, the plant having an intermittent energy source, comprising: measuring frequency of the power output from the plant and determining a first difference between the measured frequency and a frequency reference; measuring power output from the plant and storing the measured power output as a stored value; while the first difference is within a deadband, determining a second difference as a difference between a power reference and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates over-frequency, determining the second difference as a difference between the stored value and the measured power output; while the first difference indicates under-frequency, setting the second difference equal to the power reference; generating an error by limiting a sum of the first and second differences between error limits; generating a control signal; and, applying the control signal to the source.

Abstract: A method for managing a microgrid, the microgrid having an intermittent energy source and energy storage, comprising: using a microgrid asset management system, dispatching the energy storage to maintain optimal power flow to and from a power grid by: producing a generation forecast and a generation forecast error probability distribution for an intermittent energy source coupled to the microgrid from a historic generation forecast and one or more measurements; generating random intermittent energy source generation inputs from at least one of historic generation data, the historic generation forecast, and the generation forecast error probability distribution; using the random intermittent energy source generation inputs, calculating a microgrid performance value using a microgrid performance model and a microgrid financial value using a microgrid financial model; and, selecting an energy storage dispatch scenario to optimize operation of the microgrid using at least one of the microgrid performance value an

Abstract: A method for generating a net load forecast for a utility grid, the grid including intermittent distributed energy resources and loads, comprising: defining two or more load forecast zones, each zone being associated with a load profile type and a climate zone type; assigning each of the loads to one of the zones based on the load profile and climate zone types associated with the load; assigning each of the energy resources to at least one of the zones based on the climate zone type associated with the energy resource; for each zone, generating an electrical energy consumption forecast for loads, an electric power generation forecast for energy resources, and a net load forecast from the electrical energy consumption and electric power generation forecasts; combining the net load forecast for each zone to generate the net load forecast for the grid; and, presenting the net load forecast on a display.

Abstract: A method for controlling an operating condition of an electric power grid, the electric power grid having an intermittent power supply coupled thereto, the method comprising: using an energy variability controller, controlling variability of a delivered power output of the intermittent power supply to the electric power grid by: monitoring an actual environmental value for a location proximate the intermittent power supply, an available power output of the intermittent power supply being dependent on the actual environmental value; when the actual environmental value is increasing and hence the available power output is increasing, increasing the delivered power output according to a predetermined rate of increase; monitoring a forecast environmental value for the location; when the forecast environmental value is decreasing, decreasing the delivered power output according to a predetermined rate of decrease; and, limiting the delivered power output to below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature in a thermal zone within a building, comprising: using a processor, receiving a desired temperature range for the thermal zone; determining a forecast ambient temperature value for an external surface of the building proximate the thermal zone; using a predictive model for the building, determining set points for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system associated with the thermal zone that minimize energy use by the building; the desired temperature range and the forecast ambient temperature value being inputs to the predictive model; the predictive model being trained using respective historical measured value data for at least one of the inputs; and, controlling the HVAC system with the set points to maintain an actual temperature value of the thermal zone within the desired temperature range for the thermal zone.

Abstract: A method for generating a net load forecast for a utility grid, the grid including intermittent distributed energy resources and loads, comprising: defining two or more load forecast zones, each zone being associated with a load profile type and a climate zone type; assigning each of the loads to one of the zones based on the load profile and climate zone types associated with the load; assigning each of the energy resources to at least one of the zones based on the climate zone type associated with the energy resource; for each zone, generating an electrical energy consumption forecast for loads, an electric power generation forecast for energy resources, and a net load forecast from the electrical energy consumption and electric power generation forecasts; combining the net load forecast for each zone to generate the net load forecast for the grid; and, presenting the net load forecast on a display.

Abstract: A method for controlling an operating condition of an electric power grid, the electric power grid having an intermittent power supply coupled thereto, the method comprising: using an energy variability controller, controlling variability of a delivered power output of the intermittent power supply to the electric power grid by: monitoring an actual environmental value for a location proximate the intermittent power supply, an available power output of the intermittent power supply being dependent on the actual environmental value; when the actual environmental value is increasing and hence the available power output is increasing, increasing the delivered power output according to a predetermined rate of increase; monitoring a forecast environmental value for the location; when the forecast environmental value is decreasing, decreasing the delivered power output according to a predetermined rate of decrease; and, limiting the delivered power output to below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature in a thermal zone within a building, comprising: using a processor, receiving a desired temperature range for the thermal zone; determining a forecast ambient temperature value for an external surface of the building proximate the thermal zone; using a predictive model for the building, determining set points for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system associated with the thermal zone that minimize energy use by the building; the desired temperature range and the forecast ambient temperature value being inputs to the predictive model; the predictive model being trained using respective historical measured value data for at least one of the inputs; and, controlling the HVAC system with the set points to maintain an actual temperature value of the thermal zone within the desired temperature range for the thermal zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to control power output of a power plant. A control module includes a plurality of controllers for different power parameters of the power plant and a master controller. The plurality of controllers receive measured parameters from the power plant, compare the received parameters with received set points, and provide respective reactive power commands to the power plant. The master controller determines which of the plurality of controllers is to be enabled to output a reactive power command to the power plant.