Abstract: A battery module minimizes damage to internal configurations generated in an assembly process. The battery module includes a cell assembly provided with an electrode lead and a plurality of secondary batteries stacked; a bus bar assembly provided with a bus bar frame located on a front or rear of the cell assembly, and a bus bar mounted on an outer surface of the bus bar frame; and an inner cover provided with a plate portion located on an outer side of the cell assembly, formed in a plate shape and formed with a chamfer on an outer peripheral portion and a coupling portion coupled to one end portion of the body portion of the bus bar frame on a part of the outer peripheral portion of the plate portion.

Abstract: A topper placed on a bed or a mattress, for distributing a load, includes a top cover forming a top of the topper, an upper memory foam provided under the top cover, at least one cushioning member provided under the upper memory foam and configured to distribute a load transmitted through the upper memory foam, a lower memory foam provided under the cushioning member, as a component corresponding to the upper memory foam, and a bottom cover provided under the lower memory foam, manufactured as a component corresponding to the top cover, and configured to support the cushioning member.

Abstract: A method and portable apparatus for settling a transaction are provided, in which the portable apparatus may be used as a card substitute payment device for settling a transaction. Information to conduct a settlement may be stored in the portable apparatus. The portable apparatus may be, for example, a portable phone or a PDA. A transaction inquiry machine may read or receive the information from the portable apparatus, similar to that of a card reader reading a magnetic card, and transmit the information to a VAN company server or a card company server, to then request for an approval to settle the transaction.

Abstract: A method and portable apparatus for settling a transaction are provided, in which the portable apparatus may be used as a card substitute payment device for settling a transaction. Information to conduct a settlement may be stored in the portable apparatus. The portable apparatus may be, for example, a portable phone or a PDA. A transaction inquiry machine may read or receive the information from the portable apparatus, similar to that of a card reader reading a magnetic card, and transmit the information to a VAN company server or a card company server, to then request for an approval to settle the transaction.

Abstract: An optical payment transceiver and an optical settlement system using the same uses a personal portable terminal incorporated with an optical transceiver as a card substitute payment unit for settlement. Here, card information is incorporated in a personal portable terminal incorporated with an optical transceiver such as a portable phone or a PDA and the optical transceiver is connected to a card inquiry machine to thereby optically transmit and receive card information. The card inquiry machine recognizes the received card information in the same manner as that of the card reader reading a magnetic card, and transmits the card information to a VAN company server or a card company server, to then request for an approval and settle transactions.

Abstract: An optical payment transceiver and an optical settlement system using the same uses a personal portable terminal incorporated with an optical transceiver as a card substitute payment unit for settlement. Here, card information is incorporated in a personal portable terminal incorporated with an optical transceiver such as a portable phone or a PDA and the optical transceiver is connected to a card inquiry machine to thereby optically transmit and receive card information. The card inquiry machine recognizes the received card information in the same manner as that of the card reader reading a magnetic card, and transmits the card information to a VAN company server or a card company server, to then request for an approval and settle transactions.