Abstract: The invention concerns a process for manufacturing low density linear polyethylene by copolymerizing ethylene and 1-butene, comprising the steps of:(a) dimerizing ethylene to 1-butene in the presence of a soluble catalyst comprising: an alkyl titanate, an aluminum compound of formula AlR.sub.3 or AlR.sub.2 H, wherein R is a hydrocarbyl radical, and an ether;(b) contacting at least a portion of the product obtained in step (a) with an inorganic compound, at least partly insoluble;(c) contacting the insoluble mixture obtained in step (b) with an halogenated aluminum compound of formula Al.sub.2 R'.sub.6-n X.sub.n, wherein R' is a hydrocarbyl radical, X a halogen atom, and n a number from 3 to 6, when an halogenated aluminum compound is not already present in said mixture;(d) using the resultant product, containing at least one inorganic carrier, at least one halogenated aluminum compound and at least one titanium compound, as catalyst in the polymerization reactor.

Abstract: New nickel composition having substantial solubility in hydrocarbons and prepared by reacting at least one inorganic divalent compound, at least one halogenoacetic acid and at least one ester of the formula R.sub.1 COO R.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl and R.sub.2 is hydrocarbyl.The resultant composition can be used in admixture with a hydrocarbylaluminum halide as catalyst for olefin dimerization.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for reducing carbonylation of an aldehyde wherein the aldehyde is used as hemiacetalester, the reaction being conducted in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a cobalt carbonyl complex.The hemiacetal-ester may be formed in situ by reacting an acetal with an anhydride of acid.The process preferentially yields alkylene-glycol mono-esters, free of esterified, for a ratio H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 and preferentially 2-alkoxy aldehydes, for a ratio H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 0.1:1 to 0.5:1.

Abstract: Nickel, aluminum and chlorine derivatives which remain dissolved in olefin oligomers after oligomerization in the presence of a catalyst comprising nickel, aluminum and chlorine compounds, are removed from the crude product by treatment with:oxygen or a gas containing oxygen,anhydrous ammonia, anda solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: The invention has as an object a process for methanol synthesis from carbon oxides and hydrogen, performed in an inert liquid medium, in the presence of a catalyst system soluble in the liquid medium.The catalyst system used according to the invention is obtained by reacting a copper compound, optionally associated with a divalent zinc compound and/or a rare earth compound, with a zinc reducing compound.

Abstract: A catalyst is formed by reacting, in a hydrocarbon medium, a trialkylaluminum with a mixture of an alkyl titanate with an ether. The activity and the selectivity are improved when adding the trialkylaluminum to a pre-formed mixture of alkyl titanate with ether.

Abstract: Nickel, aluminum and chlorine derivatives which remain dissolved in olefin oligomers, after oligomerization in the presence of a nickel, aluminum, and chlorine-containing catalysts, are removed by successive treatments with:(a) anhydrous ammonia,(b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide, a treatment with an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxy-acid or at least one alkali metal salt of said hydroxyacid being performed after treatment (a) and before or after or simultaneously with treatment (b), and preferably a treatment with oxygen or with an oxygen-containing gas being performed before or after treatments (a) and (b) or simultaneously with these treatments. Preferably, tartaric acid or an alkali metal tartrate is used.

Abstract: N-acyliminodiacetic acids are manufactured by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde generator compound with a N-unsubstituted amide or a generator thereof and with carbon monoxide in contact with a carbonylation catalyst, for example, a cobalt compound, the ratio of the aldehyde groups to the amide groups being at least 2:1. The formaldehyde generator can be a polymeric form of formaldehyde and the amide generator can be a carboxylic ester, acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Process for synthesizing 1-butene by dimerization of ethylene, in the presence of a catalyst formed by reacting, in a hydrocarbon medium, a trialkylaluminum with a mixture of an alkyl titanate with an ether. The activity and the selectivity are improved when adding the ether to a pre-formed mixture of alkyl titanate with trialkylaluminum.

Abstract: Process for the homologation of an alcohol wherein a ketal of the alcohol is reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl complex and the resultant product is hydrolyzed to yield the aldehyde with one more carbon atom.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic synthesis of methane by reaction of carbon oxides with hydrogen in the presence of liquid water, wherein the catalyst is formed of a carrier consisting either of coal or charcoal, preferably of plant origin, or of alumina-silica, on which is deposited ruthenium, for example by impregnation with ruthenium acetylacetonate, said catalyst being preferably used as particles suspended in water.

Abstract: Methane is produced by passing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and an aqueous liquid phase downwardly through a fixed bed of a catalyst containing ruthenium on a carrier such as alumina, separating and externally coolng in a heat exchanger the resultant aqueous phase before recycling, thereby limiting the reaction temperature within a range from 200.degree. to 320.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is manufactured by admixing a hydrocarbyl aluminum halide of a nickel compound of the formula (R.sub.1 COO)(R.sub.2 COO)Ni, where R.sub.1 is hydrocarbyl with at least 5 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is haloalkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms. Olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butenes can be oligomerized, for example, dimerized and trimerized, with the above catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for treating an aqueous phase obtained by acidic or basic washing of a hydrocarbon phase comprising a soluble aluminum compound in solution, characterized in that it is neutralized at a pH of from 6 to 8.5, treated with an additive selected from the alkaline-earth metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates, at a temperature ranging from 90.degree. C. to the boiling point, the molar ratio of the additive to aluminum being from 1/10 to 10/1, and separated thereafter from the insoluble phase of precipitate.

Abstract: Methane is obtained by reacting hydrogen with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst manufactured by reacting a nickel compound with a reducing aluminum compound in the presence of a titanium compound. The aluminum compound is preferably a trialkylaluminum compound and the atomic ratio of aluminum to (nickel + titanium) is preferably from 1/1 to 20/1.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is manufactured by admixing a hydrocarbyl aluminum halide with a nickel compound of the formula (R.sub.1 COO) (R.sub.2 COO) Ni, wherein R.sub.1 is hydrocarbyl of at least 5 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is haloalkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms. Olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butenes can be oligomerized, for example, dimerized and trimerized, with the above catalyst composition.

Abstract: An improved catalyst composition is obtained by contacting at least one bivalent nickel compound with at least one hydrocarbyl aluminum halide, at least one Bronsted organic acid and at least one anhydride of a carboxylic acid. The composition can be used as a catalyst for olefin oligomerization.

Abstract: Nickel compounds of the formula (R.sub.1 COO) (R.sub.2 COO) Ni, where R.sub.1 is hydrocarbyl of at least 5 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is haloalkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, are manufactured from the corresponding acids R.sub.1 COOH and R.sub.2 COOH or salts thereof. The resultant nickel compounds are soluble in hydrocarbons and can be used in admixture with organoaluminum compounds as constituents of catalytic compositions; olefins can be oligomerized, for example, dimerized and trimerized, therewith.

Abstract: Catalyst composition for oligomerizing olefins, obtained by contacting (a) a bivalent nickel compound with (b) a hydrocarbylaluminum compound of the formula AIRCl.sub.2 where R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, and (c) a Bronsted acid consisting preferably of a halogenocarboxylic acid of the formula R.sub.1 COOH in which R.sub.1 is a halogenoalkyl radical of the formula C.sub.m H.sub.p X.sub.q, X being halogen, m an integer from 1 to 3, p being zero or an integer and q being an integer, the condition p+q=2m+1 being fulfilled. A preferred Bronsted acid is of the formula R.sub.2 COOH in which R.sub.2 is a halogenomethyl group of the formula CX.sub.n H.sub.3-n, X being halogen and n an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A N-acyl .alpha.-amino acid is manufactured by reacting an unsaturated vegetable oil or a C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 mono-olefinic compound with an amide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst. The process is operated in one step, providing for an increased selectivity as compared with a two-step process.