Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a chemical reactor, in which at least one starting material, which is an organic chemical compound comprising 1 to 80 carbon atoms, is converted into at least one reaction product in a fluid phase in the presence of a film comprising solid catalyst particles, which catalyze said chemical reaction, and comprising an organic polymer in fibrillated form, wherein the mass fraction of the sum of the starting material and of the reaction product based on the total mass of the fluid phase is in the range from 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: A method for preparing optically active methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by reacting racemic methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate with an acylating agent in the presence of a lipase to give methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate and subsequently precipitating methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by adding sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A high base number calcium sulphonate detergent having a total soap/BN ratio of 0.0530 to 0.0585, preferably 0.0540 to 0.0580, more preferably 0.0550 to 0.0575. The calcium sulphonate detergent has a base number of greater than 350 mg KOH/g as measured by ASTM D 2896-98. The high base number sulphonate exhibits reduced viscosity drift, improved stability and improved catalytic oxidation.

Abstract: A method for preparing optically active methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by reacting racemic methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate with an acylating agent in the presence of a lipase to give methyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)benzoate and subsequently precipitating methyl 4-(1-ammoniumethyl)benzoate sulfate by adding sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A high base number calcium sulphonate detergent having a total soap/BN ratio of 0.0530 to 0.0585, preferably 0.0540 to 0.0580, more preferably 0.0550 to 0.0575. The calcium sulphonate detergent has a base number of greater than 350 mg KOH/g as measured by ASTM D 2896-98. The high base number sulphonate exhibits reduced viscosity drift, improved stability and improved catalytic oxidation.

Abstract: To improve color and odor characteristics of sulfonic acids and their derivatives while maintaining sludge and sulfuric acid reduction and good thermal stability, they are treated with at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon, each having at most 36 carbon atoms and having defined substitution characteristics.

Abstract: Magnesium low base number (LBN) sulphonates derived from high molecular weight sulphonic acids have low viscosity and are chloride free. The magnesium low base number sulphonates are not skin sensitisers. In their preparation neutralisation of high molecular weight sulphonic acids or partially neutralised soaps of high molecular weight sulphonic acids is completed by the use of a high base number sulphonate in conjunction with a carboxylic acid. The process does not require the use of chloride containing promoters and produces low chloride products.

Abstract: Magnesium low base number (LBN) sulphonates derived from high molecular weight sulphonic acids have low viscosity and are chloride free. The magnesium low base number sulphonates are not skin sensitisers. In their preparation neutralization of high molecular weight sulphonic acids or partially neutralized soaps of high molecular weight sulphonic acids is completed by the use of a high base number sulphonate in conjunction with a carboxylic acid. The process does not require the use of chloride containing promoters and produces low chloride products.

Abstract: Low base number (LBN) sulphonates derived from high molecular weight sulphonic acids have low viscosity, are chloride free and are not skin sensitisers. In their preparation, neutralisation of high molecular weight sulphonic acids or partially neutralised soaps of high molecular weight sulphonic acids is completed by the use of a high base number sulphonate in conjunction with a carboxylic acid. The process does not require the use of chloride containing promoters and produces low chloride products which do not skin on exposure to air.