Abstract: A casting system for molding metal. The casting system has a mold comprising a cavity in a predefined shape. A riser in flow communication with the mold wherein the riser provides molten metal to said cavity as the molten metal freezes. A riser breaker insert is between the mold and the riser wherein the riser breaker insert comprises voids. A molten metal supply is provided which is capable of filling the mold and the voids of said riser breaker insert and at least partially filling the riser.

Abstract: An improved filter assembly for molten metal is described. The assembly has a canister with at least one port wherein the port allows filtered molten metal to flow from the canister. A plurality of filter elements is in the canister wherein the filter elements separate a volume of the canister into a primary chamber and a secondary chamber wherein the secondary chamber is in direct flow communication with the port. A ported cover is over the canister wherein the ported cover prohibits unfiltered molten metal from flowing directly into the secondary chamber. The molten metal flows from the primary chamber to the secondary chamber through a filter element.

Abstract: A strainer for molten metal. The strainer comprises a well and a multiplicity of passages. Each passage comprises a first cavity a second cavity with a smaller equivalent diameter than the first cavity. A neck is between the first cavity and second cavity. An inoculation pellet is received in the well.

Abstract: A method for inoculating molten iron. The method comprises passing the molten iron through a filter assembly at an approach velocity of about 1 to about 60 cm/sec. The filter assembly comprises a filter element and an inoculation pellet in contact with the filter element. The pellet has an inoculant dissolution rate of at least 1 mg/sec. to no more than 320 mg/sec. and comprises about 40-99.9%, by weight, carrier comprising ferrosilicon. The pellet further comprises about 0.1-60%, by weight, at least one inoculating agent selected from a group consisting of cerium, strontium, zirconium, calcium, manganese, barium, bismuth, magnesium, titanium and aluminum or from rare earths.

Abstract: A strainer for molten metal. The strainer comprises a well and a multiplicity of passages. Each passage comprises a first cavity a second cavity with a smaller equivalent diameter than the first cavity. A neck is between the first cavity and second cavity. An inoculation pellet is received in the well.

Abstract: A method for inoculating molten iron. The method comprises passing the molten iron through a filter assembly at an approach velocity of about 1 to about 60 cm/sec. The filter assembly comprises a filter element and an inoculation pellet in contact with the filter element. The pellet has an inoculant dissolution rate of at least 1 mg/sec. to no more than 320 mg/sec. and comprises about 40-99.9%, by weight, carrier comprising ferrosilicon. The pellet further comprises about 0.1-60%, by weight, at least one inoculating agent selected from a group consisting of cerium, strontium, zirconium, calcium, manganese, barium, bismuth, magnesium, titanium and aluminum or from rare earths.

Abstract: The use of wollastonite fibers having relatively long average fiber lengths as reinforcement agents for unfired sanitaryware bodies. The addition of refined wollastonite to sanitaryware bodies exhibited improved resistance to propagation of cracks, reduced drying and firing shrinkage, fluxing activity, an HF release inhibition upon firing. Reduced shrinkage and increased permeability improves the resistance to cracking during rapid drying and allows faster time schedules to be employed.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 70 to 95% commercial calcium carbide, 5 to 25% silicon dioxide, 0 to 10% of a metal oxide, and 0 to 5% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are iron oxides and manganese oxides. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 70 to 95% commercial calcium carbide, 5 to 25% silicon dioxide, 0 to 10% of a metal oxide; and 0 to 5% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are iron oxides and manganese oxides. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 95 to 70% commercial calcium carbide, 30 to 5% calcium aluminate slag, and 10 to 0% of a metal oxide. The calcium aluminate slag is made up of 65 to 50% calcium oxide, 35 to 25% aluminum oxide, and 12 to 3% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are ferric oxide, manganomanganic oxide and ferrosoferric oxide. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.