Abstract: A human appendage, typically the inside of the elow, is illuminated with an infrared source, for example, at least one incandescent light bulb. A video camera for producing a video image and immediately overlying monitor for displaying the video image is utilized to look at the flesh. The camera is sensitive to infrared radiation. A video display results in which infrared absorbing or scattering contrasting portions of the flesh are highlighted, for example, hard to find veins for insertions of needles. A contrast enhancing circuit is included which discloses amplifying the video information with high contrast enhancement of the video. Adaptation of the disclosed circuit to conventional TV charge coupled device cameras and monitors is illustrated with compensation of horizontal sweep to even image background, intensity averaging line to line for vertical image uniformity and display of image contrasts on a log amplification format.

Abstract: A new method is described for injecting charged particles across a magnetic field, in which an electrostatic reflector (bouncer) reverses the direction of the ions after they travel around a half orbit in the magnetic field. This method can be used for radial injection of charged particles into a cyclotron, or into a plasma confined by a magnetic field.

Abstract: The dicarbonylation product of 1,4-disubstituted-2-butene is useful as intermediate in the production of adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and 1,6-hexanediol. It is produced by carbonylating a solution of the disubstituted butene in a polar, aprotic non-basic solvent at 80.degree.-140.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprised of a halide of the transition metal. The dicarbonylation product is converted to adipic acid by hydrogenation followed by hydrolysis.

Abstract: The dicarbonylation product of 1,4-dialkoxy substituted-2-butene is useful as intermediate in the production of adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and 1,6-hexanediol. It is produced by carbonylating a solution of the dialkoxy substituted butene in a polar, aprotic non-basic solvent at 80.degree.-140.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst comprising a halide of the transition metal.

Abstract: An adaptable programmable calculator employs modular read-write and read-only memories separately expandable to provide additional program and data storage functions within the calculator oriented toward the environment of the user, and an LSI NMOS central processing unit, which includes the capability of bidirectionally transferring information between itself and various input/output units. The input/output units include a keyboard input unit having a full complement of alphanumeric keys, a magnetic tape cassette reading and recording unit capable of bidirectionally transferring programs and data between the calculator and a magnetic tape, a 32-character solid state output display unit capable of displaying every alphabetic and numeric character.

Abstract: Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate are hydrocarboxylated with tertiary organo-phosphine stabilized palladium catalysts utilizing low water concentration; the ready hydrolysis of the .alpha.-acetoxypropionic acid affords a convenient route to lactic acid.

Abstract: An adaptable calculator is provided by employing five MOS/LSI circuits interconnected by a multiple line bus system. They include (1) a read-only memory circuit group; (2) a control and timing circuit; (3) an arithmetic and register circuit; (4) a data storage circuit; and (5) an input/output (I/O) circuit. Input and output units include a keyboard input unit and an 18-column output printer unit for printing intermediate results of calculations, entered data, arithmetic operators, and diagnostic notes. The keyboard input unit includes a PERCENT key that may be employed in combination with any of four arithmetic operator keys. The calculator may be operated manually by the user from the keyboard input unit or automatically by a program written in user-level language and stored in a plug-in read-only memory unit (ROM), a plug-in programmable read-only memory unit (PROM) or a read/write memory unit associated with a plug-in magnetic card reading and recording unit.

Abstract: The present process is suitable for preparing carboxylic acids wherein greater than 50 mole percent of the carboxylate groups are at the terminal position which comprises bringing together in a reaction zone an olefin or mixture of olefins wherein greater than 50 mole percent of the olefin has unsaturation at other than the terminal position, water and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a pyridine-type promoter, preferably pyridine, in a mole ratio of promoter to catalyst between about 5:1 and 15:1, at pressures from about 70 kilograms per square centimeter to about 300 kilograms per square centimeter, at temperatures between about 180.degree. C. and about 220.degree. C.

Abstract: An adaptable calculator is provided by employing five MOS/LSI circuits interconnected by a multiple line bus system. They include (1) a read-only memory circuit group; (2) a control and timing circuit; (3) an arithmetic and register circuit; (4) a data storage circuit; and (5) an input/output (I/O) circuit.Input and output units include a keyboard input unit and an 18-column output printer unit. An optional LED display unit may be plugged into the calculator mainframe. The keyboard input unit includes an AUTO DECIMAL POINT key for selecting an automatic decimal point mode of calculator operation in which the calculator automatically places the decimal point at a specified location in all entered data. Thus, the operator need not manually enter the decimal point in entered data. The calculator may be operated manually by the user from the keyboard input unit or automatically by a program stored in the calculator memory.

Abstract: An adaptable programmable calculator employs modular read-write and read-only memories separately expandable to provide additional program and data storage functions within the calculator oriented toward the environment of the user, and an LSI NMOS central processing unit, capable of handling sixteen-bit parallel binary operations, binary-coded-decimal arithmetic, sixteen-bit parallel input/output operations, two-level interrupt from up to sixteen input/output devices, and a direct memory access channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aldehydes by the hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds using a rhodium catalyst which catalyst is provided by (1) introducing rhodium into the reaction solution in the form of an ionic rhodium compound, the said ionic compound consisting of (a) a rhodium-containing cation having rhodium complexed with ligands other than halide, and (b) a non-coordinating anion; and (2) furnishing to the reaction solution at least two moles of a modifying ligand per mole of ionic rhodium compound where the modifying ligand is furnished either pre-coordinated in the said ionic rhodium compound or as a free compound, and where the modifying ligand is a tertiary organo phosphorous compound having from 3 to 90 carbon atoms, or a tertiary organo arsenic compound having from 3 to 90 carbon atoms, or a tertiary organo antimony compound having from 3 to 90 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The complexes [Ir(CO).sub.3 I], [HIr(CO).sub.3 I.sub.2 ], [HIr(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 (H.sub.2 O)], [RIr(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 ], [(RCO)Ir(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 ] where R is an alkyl radical, are described. Processes for preparing the aforesaid complexes are described and in addition a new process for preparation of [Ir(CO).sub.3 I.sub.3 ] is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of carboxylic acids, specifically by the reaction of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of catalyst compositions essentially comprising iridium compounds and complexes, together with an iodide promoter, the improvement being the provision of at least 50 percent by weight of the iridium in the reaction solution in a highly catalytically active form as a species having infrared absorption bands at 2098 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (vs), 2155 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (w), 2180 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (vw, br). By monitoring the infrared absorption spectra of reacting solutions and following the magnitude of the 2098 cm.sup.-.sup.1 band the operating conditions are adjusted so that this band is present in 50 percent or more concentration relative to the infrared absorption spectral bands of the other iridium species in solution.

Abstract: An adaptable calculator is provided by employing five MOS/LSI circuits interconnected by a multiple line bus system.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compositions of matter having the formulaIrX(CO).sub.2 (R.sub.3 M)where X = Cl, Br, I, M is P, As, Sb, Bi and R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 alkyl, alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy radical. There is also described herein a process for the preparation of these novel compounds. The compounds find use as hydrocarboxylation catalysts, especially in the absence of added halide promoters.

Abstract: Production of propionic acid and propionic anhydride with the repression of polyketone formation by carboxylating ethylene utilizing a catalyst system essentially composed of an iridium compound in the substantial absence of added halide components.