Abstract: A pressure proof reaction vessel and the method of making and operating such a vessel wherein the vessel has a thin inner wall whose primary function is to conduct heat and a thick outer wall whose primary function is to contain the pressure with said inner wall being supported by the said outer wall using closely-spaced supports between the two walls. Heat transfer fluid flows in channels formed by the two walls. A novel method of fastening together the inner and outer walls of such a vessel using fastening means associated with a hole passing through the outer wall and that do not introduce surface disruption of the inside surface of the inner wall, is disclosed. This fastening means also allows for a very economical fabrication method whereby the inner wall and the supports are formed out of one piece of material. The vessel is particularly useful for the polymerization of vinyl chloride in large reaction vessels greater than 10,000 gallons in size.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of a polymerization reactor by applying a polymer buildup resistant coating to the inner surfaces thereof, the method or process of applying said coating being the subject of this invention. An approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces of the reactor results from applying thereto an aqueous or organic solvent solution of the coating material by means of a hydrocarbon gas, such as propane, for example. The coating material is an organic compound or polymer which is capable of resisting polymer buildup thereon. As examples of such coating materials, there may be named the polyaromatic amines, self-condensed polyhydric phenols, tannic acid and tannates, various dyes, such as nigrosine, and the like, etc. When using hydrocarbon gas to apply the coating material, the same reaches the inner reactor surfaces in the form of a mist.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of a polymerization reactor by applying a polymer buildup resistant coating to the inner surfaces thereof, the method or process of applying said coating being the subject of this invention. An approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces of the reactor results from applying thereto an aqueous or organic solvent solution of the coating material by means of vinyl chloride in vapor form. The coating material is an organic compound or polymer which is capable of resisting polymer buildup thereon. As examples of such coating materials, there may be named the polyaromatic amines, self-condensed polyhydric phenols, tannic acid and tannates, various dyes, such as nigrosine, and the like, etc. When using vinyl chloride to apply the coating material, the same reaches the inner reactor surfaces in the form of a mist.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of coating the internal surface of a polymerization reactor in order to substantially eliminate the buildup of polymer on said surfaces during the polymerization process. There is applied to the surfaces a coating composition containing a straight chain or branched polyaromatic amine dissolved in an aqueous acid solution and thereafter the coated surfaces are flushed or rinsed with water without drying the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers or resins by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a dual layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the polymerization reaction in two stages, in the first or initial stage of which the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase, and in the second or latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase due to the addition of sufficient water to the reactor to form said phase. The dual layer coating comprises an undercoating or primary coating of a tannin or tannate such as tannic acid or ammonium tannate, said coating being applied from an aqueous solution thereof, and a top coating comprised of a water-soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or an alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether, said top coating being applied from an aqueous solution thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a two layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The coatings comprise an undercoating of an alkali soluble dye dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or an ammonium hydroxide solution. The top coating is comprised of a water soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkylhydroxy alkyl cellulose ether. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, a straight chain or branched polyaromatic amine dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.