Abstract: Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.

Abstract: A system for propelling a solid body having a transmit antenna for transmitting electromagnetic energy with a desired frequency and pattern. A solid body having a receiving antenna for receiving the transmitted energy and a fuel storage space, which receives fuel from the storage space and receives electromagnetic energy from the receiving antenna and in response thereto heats the fuel to produce a pressurized gas. A nozzle receives the pressurized gas and releases the gas from the solid body to produce a thrust force on the solid body.

Abstract: A method of generating microwave power by producing a charged-particle beam that is charge-neutralized by electrons. The charged particles are heavier than electrons. The charge-neutralized beam is passed through at least one conductive cavity which is resonant at a desired microwave frequency and in a desired fundamental mode. A microwave beam is extracted from said resonant cavity.

Abstract: A process for removing an undesired contaminant from a sub-surface soil matrix comprises the steps of forming a bore hole in the soil, moving a source of microwave energy through the bore hole while radiating electromagnetic energy laterally into the soil at a frequency and power density which selectively heat the contaminant in the soil by resonance absorption of the electromagnetic energy, collecting fluids which enter the bore hole, and removing the collected fluids from the bore hole. When the method is utilized in clay-type soils, the microwave energy is used to heat entrapped water or contaminant molecules sufficiently to vaporize those molecules and thereby create fissures in the soil to increase the hydrodynamic permeability of the soil.

Abstract: An improved fiber-optic inertial sensor of the Sagnac interferometer type is provided with the capablility of precise linear measurement of sensed motion. The sensor uses closed-loop synchronous demodulation of sensed signals representative of angular motion in a manner that permits operation over a wide dynamic range in inertial rate along with null stability and a high degree of noise rejection.

Abstract: A defense system wherein a radar intercepts and follows a target and includes an antenna array and a low level source of microwave energy for exciting the elements of the array to produce radar returns and define the path. A microwave storage reservoir is supplied upon demand with high energy microwave energy and is coupled to microwave feed channels leading to the elements of the antenna array. Microwave dump switches at the juncture of the channels and the reservoir control flow of energy from the reservoir. Control means responsive at least in part to the presence of returns periodically actuate the dump switches for flow of microwave energy from the reservoir to the target via the antenna array.

Abstract: A plasma is confined and heated by a microwave field resonant in a cavity excited in a combination of the TE and TM modes while responding to the resonant frequency of the cavity as the plasma dimensions change to maintain operation at resonance. The microwave field is elliptically or circularly polarized as to prevent the electromagnetic confining field from going to zero. A high Q chamber having superconductive walls is employed to minimize wall losses while providing for extraction of thermonuclear energy produced by fusion of nuclei in the plasma.