Abstract: A film cassette is disclosed wherein a film retention member located along a film passage slit is adapted to enter a trapping perforation in a leader portion of the filmstrip to secure the leader portion in the slit portion to the initial advance of the filmstrip from the cassette shell. A trailing end portion of the filmstrip has a cut-out which enables the filmstrip to fall away from a support for normally positioning the filmstrip within range of the retention member, when the filmstrip is advanced sufficiently from the cassette shell to move the cut-out to the support.

Abstract: When a filmstrip is completely exposed in a camera, double-exposure prevention (DEP) data is magnetically applied to the film leader substantially immediately before the leader is rewound with the filmstrip into a light-tight cassette. The DEP data indicates there are no unexposed imaging areas remaining on the filmstrip. If the filmstrip is rewound into the cassette prematurely, i.e. without it being completely exposed, midroll interrupt (MRI) data is magnetically applied to the film leader instead of the DEP data to indicate the next-available unexposed imaaging area of the filmstrip. When the cassette is re-loaded into the camera, the film leader is advanced from the cassette initially to determine whether it is encoded with DEP or MRI data. If the DEP data is detected, the leader is rewound into the cassette since all of the imaging areas of the filmstrip are exposed.

Abstract: A film cassette contains a film spool which is rotatable in an unwinding direction to propel a filmstrip including an integral film leader out of the cassette and is rotatable in a winding direction to wind the filmstrip including its film leader back into the cassette. The film leader has a magnetic area on which alterable data can be magnetically written and read to indicate whether the filmstrip is completely exposed or is only partially exposed. Thus, when the film leader is wound into the cassette the data will be protected and when the film leader is propelled from the cassette the data will be made accessible to read and alter it.

Abstract: In a photographic camera, closing movement of a cover door operates to rotate a film spool in an unwinding direction within a film cassette, loaded in the camera, to automatically propel a film leader from inside the cassette shell to outside the shell.

Abstract: A photographic camera is intended for use with a film cassette, wherein rotation of a cassette film spool in an unwinding direction thrusts a film leader from the cassette interior to a film take-up drum of the camera and rotation of the spool in a rewinding direction draws the leader back into the cassette interior. The film transport apparatus of the camera includes a bi-directional drive member having respective positions for effecting alternate one-way driving connections with the cassette spool to rotate the spool in the unwinding and rewinding directions in accordance with the rotational direction of a single bi-directional drive motor. During advance of the film leader from the film cassette to the take-up drum, the drum is motor-driven at a faster speed than the cassette spool is rotated. When the film leader is secured to the take-up drum, the drive member permits the cassette spool to be overdriven by the resulting pull of the filmstrip exerted at the spool.

Abstract: Two pairs of opposing magnetic heads mounted in quadrature on a rotary drum simultaneously receive two independent video channels, one channel being quadrature-delayed with respect to the other. The heads simultaneously record the two video channels in adjacent tracks on a video tape moving at twice the normal linear tape speed. To playback one of the two simultaneously recorded video channels, the two pairs of heads retrace their respective recorded tracks while the video tape moves at twice normal linear speed, but only one opposing head pair is connected to playback circuitry. In an alternative embodiment, the tape moves at standard speed while the heads skip-field record the two quadrature-delayed video channels.

Abstract: A color transfer imaging element comprising a support having thereon an imaging layer comprising a thermographic, photothermographic, or electrographic material capable of forming an image which absorbs or scatters light or infrared radiation, and a dye layer from which a dye image can be transferred to an image receiver when the imaging element is overall exposed to radiation that is absorbed or scattered by the imaged areas of the imaging layer, thereby causing imagewise heating of the dye. The dye layer is positioned relative to the other layers so as to allow this imagewise transfer of dye to the image receiver.

Abstract: A transparency projector includes a support for supporting a transparency generally in a plane, the transparency typically exhibiting a warpage such that its center is displaced from the plane by a pop distance. Means are provided for measuring the pop distance. Means are further provided for projecting light through the transparency, and for focusing the light projected through the transparency onto a viewing plane. These last recited means include a lens having a preselected f-number. A variable aperture is provided, responsive to the pop distance, for increasing the f-number of the lens when the transparency exhibits warpage.

Abstract: A photographic camera, when loaded with a film cartridge containing a perforated filmstrip, warns the user of a film take-up malfunction by preventing manual actuation of the shutter release and, when not loaded with the cartridge, permits manual actuation of the shutter release to test-operate the camera. In the camera, a blocking member is urged to move from a non-blocking position with respect to a shutter release to a blocking position preventing manual actuation of the shutter release. A cartridge sensing member is urged to hold the blocking member in its non-blocking position, when a film cartridge is not loaded in the camera, to permit manual actuation of the shutter release for test-operation purposes. When the film cartridge is loaded in the camera, the cartridge sensing member is moved to release the blocking member for movement to its blocking position.

Abstract: In a photographic camera, a film speed setting member is manually movable to a plurality of film speed related positions corresponding to various speed films to be used in the camera. When a rear door of the camera is opened to load a selected speed film in the camera, the setting member is automatically moved to a non-film speed related position in which it at least partially blocks a window of the viewfinder in the camera. This serves to remind the photographer to move the setting member to the film speed related position corresponding to the speed of the loaded film before taking the first picture.

Abstract: A particular type camera requiring the exposed film to receive special handling at the photofinisher has a loading chamber for receiving a conventional film cartridge in an axial direction. A back door of the camera is supported for closing movement to cover a film cartridge received in the loading chamber and for opening movement to permit the received cartridge to be removed in an axial direction from the chamber. An encoding means mounted on the back door has a finite range of influence within which the received cartridge is encoded with a detectable code mark to identify the cartridge to the photofinisher as one that was used in the particular type camera. Preferably, the encoding means is a magnet for magnetizing a macroscopic region of the received cartridge to encode the cartridge with a macroscopic magnetic field having a predetermined orientation.

Abstract: A photographic camera having a built-in flash unit is improved by providing integral apparatus which prevents operation of the flash unit in the event the camera is oriented vertically with the flash unit below the taking lens. This is done to prevent the subject being photographed from taking on an unnatural upward shadow as a result of flash illumination of the subject with the flash unit below the taking lens. Preferably, the apparatus prevents operation of the flash unit by disabling a shutter release, and includes an indicator visible in a viewfinder window to alert the user that the camera is improperly oriented for taking a vertical flash exposure.

Abstract: A photographic camera enables pseudo telephoto prints to be obtained from normal exposures, coded to identify a selected telephoto field. In the camera, an objective lens is adjustable to change its angular field of view within a field range having a moderate telephoto limit. A viewfinder has a finder lens which is adjustable to change its angular field of view to a plurality of telephoto fields narrower than the possible fields of the objective lens. The objective lens and the finder lens are coupled to adjust the finder lens selectively to the narrower telephoto fields when the objective lens is at its telephoto limit. Code means, responsive to adjustment of the finder lens to a selected telephoto field, encodes an exposure taken with the objective lens at its telephoto limit with indicia represeentative of the selected telephoto field. Thus the portion of the exposure covered by the selected telephoto field can be identified for enlargement to produce a pseudo telephoto print.

Abstract: A photographic camera is adapted to receive a conventional film cartridge for taking exposures for use in producing normal prints and a special film cartridge for taking exposures for use in producing pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic prints made by enlarging a selected portion of a negative. The special cartridge is distinguishable physically or otherwise from a conventional cartridge to permit the special cartridge to be routed at the photofinisher to corresponding equipment for producing the pseudo format prints. The camera is capable of distinguishing between the special cartridge and a conventional one to prevent the camera from operating in a pseudo format mode (though permitting it to operate in a regular format mode) whenever a conventional cartridge is received in the camera.

Abstract: A photographic camera enables pseudo telephoto and pseudo panoramic prints to be produced from exposed film frames by coding the film frame to identify the selected pseudo format. In the camera, a manually operated member is movable to a position corresponding to the actual field of view of the objective lens and to respective positions corresponding to pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic fields of view reduced from the actual field of view. Code means, responsive to movement of the manually operated member to a position corresponding to a pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic field of view, encodes a film frame with indicia representative of the selected pseudo field of view to identify the portion of the film frame covered by the pseudo field of view. The identified portion of the film frame can then be enlarged to produce a pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic print.

Abstract: A camera is adapted to receive a filmstrip having a leader portion narrower than the remainder of the filmstrip. A rotary take-up spool in the camera includes a plurality of engaging members for engaging the leader to wind the filmstrip onto the spool. At least one of the engaging members is disposed at a location on the spool to engage a leader properly positioned in relation to the spool, to provide proper winding of the filmstrip onto the spool. The other engaging members are disposed at respective locations on the spool to engage the leader in various improper positions the leader may be located, which prevent proper winding of the filmstrip onto the spool. Each of the other engaging members is supported for movement in engagement with a leader in an improper position to situate the leader in the proper position.

Abstract: A plurality of roll film holders are individually coded to indicate respective negative sizes, such as 21/4.times.15/8 ins. and 21/4.times.23/4 ins., on separate rolls of similar type film. A multi-format camera for taking pictures in the different sizes is adapted to receive the film holders. The camera includes a variable size exposure area and code responsive means for determining the effective size of the exposure area in accordance with the negative size coded on a film holder received in the camera.

Abstract: A multi-format camera is provided for taking pictures in several different sizes, such as 21/4.times.15/8 ins. and 21/4.times.23/4 ins., on separate rolls of similar length film. A plurality of roll film holders for the different picture sizes have respective coded means representative of the different picture sizes and respective metering assemblies for metering the roll film over the film holders in different length increments corresponding to the different picture sizes. Each of the metering assemblies has at least one gear member situated at the same location on the film holders. The camera includes code responsive means for determining the effective size of a variable size exposure area in accordance with the picture size coded on a film holder received in the camera.

Abstract: A photographic camera enables pseudo telephoto and pseudo panoramic prints to be obtained from normal exposures coded to identify the selected type print. In the camera, an objective lens is adjustable to vary its angular field of view within a field range having a wide angle limit and a telephoto limit. A manually operated member is movable to a plurality of positions corresponding to respective fields of view within the field range of the lens, for adjusting the lens to a selected field of view. Also, the manually operated member is movable to other positions corresponding to respective pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic fields of view outside the field range of the lens, when the lens is adjusted to the telephoto limit or the wide angle limit.

Abstract: A photographic camera enables pseudo telephoto and pseudo panoramic prints to be produced from exposed film frames by coding the film frame to identify the selected pseudo format. In the camera, a manually operated member is movable to a position corresponding to the actual field of view of the objective lens and to respective positions corresponding to pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic fields of view reduced from the actual field of view. Code means, responsive to movement of the manually operated member to a position corresponding to a pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic field of view, encodes a film frame with indicia representative of the selected pseudo field of view to identify the portion of the film frame covered by the pseudo field of view. The identified portion of the film frame can then be enlarged to produce a pseudo telephoto or pseudo panoramic print.