Abstract: A method for constructing a scotopic after-glow lamp for use in an electric lamp with the scotopic lamp having a lamp wall is provided. The method comprises combining scotopic enhanced phosphors with after-glow phosphors, and layering the combined phosphors on the lamp wall with at least a portion of the after-glow phosphors being against the lamp wall and at least a portion of the scotopic phosphors being exposed to the electric arc of the lamp.

Abstract: A scotopic after-glow lamp for maximizing an eye's ability to see under low light conditions is provided. The scotopic after-glow lamp comprises a non-uniform scotopic phosphor blend of scotopic enhanced phosphors and after-glow phosphors. A method for constructing a scotopic after-glow lamp for use in an electric lamp is also provided. The method comprises combining scotopic enhanced phosphors with after-glow phosphors and layering the combined phosphors on the lamp wall with at least a portion of the after-glow phosphors being against the lamp wall and at least a portion of the scotopic phosphors being exposed to the electric arc of the lamp. Protective layers, such as aluminum oxide powder, can be added in conjunction with the coating process to reduce the flaking and/or separation of the phosphors from the glass wall of the lamp and each other and enhance and lengthen the useful light production of the lamp as it ages.

Abstract: A scotopic after-glow lamp for maximizing an eye's ability to see under low light conditions is provided. The scotopic after-glow lamp comprises a non-uniform scotopic phosphor blend of scotopic enhanced phosphors and after-glow phosphors. A method for constructing a scotopic after-glow lamp for use in an electric lamp is also provided. The method comprises combining scotopic enhanced phosphors with after-glow phosphors and layering the combined phosphors on the lamp wall with at least a portion of the after-glow phosphors being against the lamp wall and at least a portion of the scotopic phosphors being exposed to the electric arc of the lamp. Protective layers, such as aluminum oxide powder, can be added in conjunction with the coating process to reduce the flaking and/or separation of the phosphors from the glass wall of the lamp and each other and enhance and lengthen the useful light production of the lamp as it ages.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp that has a T10 outer diameter which is capable of operating on ballasts of both the T8 and T12 types. In addition to the T10 diameter, the lamp has at least one groove in its wall to reduce the envelope cross-section, a fill gas of neon and argon, preferably 25% neon and 75% argon and a controlled amount of mercury.

Abstract: A shatter-containment fluorescent lamp having a protective plastic sleeve in which the sleeve is attached by an adhesive at each end of the lamp envelope in a manner to provide a controlled air space between the glass lamp envelope and the plastic sleeve to prevent direct transmission of stresses from the envelope to the sleeve. The sleeve is also attached to the lamp base by the adhesive so that there is integral connection of the sleeve and the base at each end of the envelope. A retaining ring, also held by the adhesive, covers the base. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the retaining ring inner surface and the lamp base having mating members to align the retaining ring on the base. In another embodiment, the sleeve has a number of angled slots around its circumference at each end and there are corresponding locking teeth on a retaining ring to accommodate for variations in lamp envelope/protective sleeve length.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp of the twin tube or double twin type which is protected by an outer envelope mounted to the fluorescent lamp or the housing which contains the fluorescent lamp ballast. In a preferred embodiment the outer envelope is in the shape of an incandescent lamp envelope.

Abstract: A dual cathode structure for a fluorescent lamp comprises a pair of electron emissive cathodes which are connected with a common junction and mounted to have an included angle therebetween. The first of the pair of cathodes has first and second leads coupled to an external source of electrical current and the second cathode structure has a first terminal coupled to the first cathode at a common junction and an anode flag connected to its second terminal to collect electrons when the filaments are operating in the anode half cycle. The collected electrons pass through the second cathode. The availability of the second cathode prolongs lamp life by permitting shifting of the hot spot.

Abstract: An energy saving fluorescent lamp utilizing a krypton-neon fill gas mixture and shielded electrode structures to operate at a reduced power consumption while serving as a direct replacement for another lamp, consuming a larger amount of energy, with the same ballast transformer.

Abstract: An energy saving fluorescent lamp utilizing a krypton-neon fill gas mixture and shielded electrode structures having a getter material thereon to operate at a reduced power consumption while serving as a direct replacement for another lamp, consuming a larger amount of energy, with the same ballast transformer. The getter material improves the starting characteristics of the lamps.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp, particularly a fluorescent lamp, having a plurality of separate and continuous grooves along its length each of which is formed for 360.degree. around the envelope. The groove configuration maintains a generally arcuate cross-section of varying radius to thereby alter the wall recombination rate of the plasma ions with the phosphor. In the embodiments where the cross-section of the envelope as deformed by the groove is non-circular, the invention also acts to increase the plasma arc stream length thereby changing the electrical and luminous properties of the lamp. A method and apparatus for making the grooves using a plurality of heat sources is also described.