Abstract: Disclosed herein a user interface device includes a levitating knob configured to detect an input by a user's manipulation; a knob holder configured to be held when the levitating knob does not levitate; a lifting driver provided below the knob holder so that the levitating knob rises from the knob holder and levitates; and an anti-separation section disposed to be spaced apart from the levitating knob by a predetermined distance so that the raised levitating knob does not deviate from an upper side of the knob holder; and wherein the levitating knob is provided with a first magnet, the lift driver is provided with a second magnet arranged to face the first magnet, the second magnet having the same pole as the first magnet on facing surface thereagainst, the lift driver is configured to levitate or hold the levitating knob by driving up or down the second magnet.

Abstract: A light source-integrated lens assembly includes a lens including first through hole at its center along optical axis, an internal light shielding member including second through hole at its center and first protrusion that protrudes from front surface of the lens, and a light emitting element configured to emit light to target object. The internal light shielding member is fitted into the first through hole and the light emitting element is fitted into the second through hole to form a single integrated unit. The lens receives light emitted from the light emitting element and diffused and reflected from inside the target object. When the internal light shielding member is brought into contact with surface of the target object, the internal light shielding member prevents light emitted from the light emitting element and directly reflected at the surface of the target object from being incident on the lens.

Abstract: A light source-integrated lens assembly includes a lens including first through hole at its center along optical axis, an internal light shielding member including second through hole at its center and first protrusion that protrudes from front surface of the lens, and a light emitting element configured to emit light to target object. The internal light shielding member is fitted into the first through hole and the light emitting element is fitted into the second through hole to form a single integrated unit. The lens receives light emitted from the light emitting element and diffused and reflected from inside the target object. When the internal light shielding member is brought into contact with surface of the target object, the internal light shielding member prevents light emitted from the light emitting element and directly reflected at the surface of the target object from being incident on the lens.

Abstract: A lens assembly with an integrated light source includes a light source configured to emit light to an object to be measured, a lens configured to receive light diffused and reflected from inside the object, a through hole formed at a center of the lens, in which the light source is arranged, and an internal light shielding unit arranged between the light source and an inner wall of the through hole, wherein a front portion of the internal light shielding unit protrudes from a surface of the lens toward the object.

Abstract: A lens assembly with an integrate light source includes a light source configured to emit light to an object to be measured, a lens configured to receive light diffused and reflected from inside the object, a through hole formed at a center of the lens, in which the light source is arranged, and an internal light shielding unit arranged between the light source and an inner wall of the through hole, wherein a front portion of the internal light shielding unit protrudes from a surface of the lens toward the object.

Abstract: A gap forming structure for use with water cooled nuclear reactors is invented to prevent overheating and ultimately structurally failing of the lower head of a reactor vessel in a nuclear reactor core meltdown accident by virtue of a cooling effect in the gap structure for facilitating the retention of accumulated molten core debris. Single layer or multilayer gap structures can be installed either inside or outside the vessel lower head by joining, or fastening structures or secured to the instruments/control guide tubes within the vessel. The water cooling capacity inside the gap can prevent the vessel lower head from overheating and subsequently failing and thus defend against severe accidents by preventing the lower head of the reactor vessel from rupturing.