Abstract: A method for generating various stress profiles for chemically strengthened glass. An alkali aluminosilicate glass is brought into contact with an ion exchange media such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing an alkali metal cation that is larger than an alkali metal cation in the glass. The ion exchange is carried out at temperatures greater than about 420° C. and at least about 30° C. below the anneal point of the glass.

Abstract: Foldable substrates comprise a first outer layer comprising a first major surface, a second outer layer comprising a second major surface, and a core layer positioned therebetween. The core layer may comprise a first central surface area positioned between a first portion and a second portion of the first outer layer, and the core layer comprising a second central surface area positioned between a third portion and fourth portion of the second outer layer. Some foldable substrates comprise a first portion comprising a first depth of compression, a first depth of layer, and a first average concentration. The central portion may comprise a first central depth of compression, a first central depth of layer, and a central average concentration. Methods comprise chemically strengthening a foldable substrate. Some methods comprise etching the foldable substrate and then further chemically strengthening the foldable substrate.

Abstract: A laminated glass article comprises a core layer comprising a core glass composition, and a cladding layer directly adjacent to the core layer and comprising a clad glass composition. A stress of the cladding layer increases with increasing distance from an outer surface of the cladding layer from a compressive stress to a tensile stress, transitions to a compressive stress as a step-change at an interface region between the core layer and the cladding layer, and increases with increasing distance from the interface region to a center of the core layer from the compressive stress to a tensile stress.

Abstract: A laminated glass article comprises a core layer comprising a core glass composition, and a cladding layer directly adjacent to the core layer and comprising a clad glass composition. A stress of the cladding layer increases with increasing distance from an outer surface of the cladding layer from a compressive stress to a tensile stress, transitions to a compressive stress as a step-change at an interface region between the core layer and the cladding layer, and increases with increasing distance from the interface region to a center of the core layer from the compressive stress to a tensile stress.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: A laminated glass article comprises a core layer comprising a core glass composition, and a cladding layer directly adjacent to the core layer and comprising a clad glass composition. A stress of the cladding layer increases with increasing distance from an outer surface of the cladding layer from a compressive stress to a tensile stress, transitions to a compressive stress as a step-change at an interface region between the core layer and the cladding layer, and increases with increasing distance from the interface region to a center of the core layer from the compressive stress to a tensile stress.

Abstract: A method for generating various stress profiles for chemically strengthened glass. An alkali aluminosilicate glass is brought into contact with an ion exchange media such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing an alkali metal cation that is larger than an alkali metal cation in the glass. The ion exchange is carried out at temperatures greater than about 420° C. and at least about 30° C. below the anneal point of the glass.

Abstract: A method for generating various stress profiles for chemically strengthened glass. An alkali aluminosilicate glass is brought into contact with an ion exchange media such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing an alkali metal cation that is larger than an alkali metal cation in the glass. The ion exchange is carried out at temperatures greater than about 420° C. and at least about 30° C. below the anneal point of the glass.

Abstract: A method for ion exchanging glass articles is provided. The method includes ion exchanging a plurality of lots in steps within an ion exchange salt bath, wherein each of the plurality of lots comprises at least one glass article, and wherein the ion exchange salt bath comprises molten salt and, after removing the last lot from the ion exchange salt bath, removing substantially the entire volume of molten salt from the ion exchange salt bath. The method further includes maintaining steady state conditions in the ion exchange salt bath prior to removing substantially the entire volume of salt from the ion exchange salt bath such that at least one of the compressive stress and the central tension of substantially all of the glass articles varies from at least one of the compressive stress and the central tension of any other of the glass articles by less than about 20%.

Abstract: A method of making a glass article includes melting batch materials to produce molten glass, heating or cooling the molten glass to a temperature, forming a glass article from the molten glass. The batch materials include a plurality of viscosity-affecting components that become at least part of the glass article. Selection of the batch materials or the temperature was made at least in part using computer-implemented modeling where predicted equilibrium viscosity of the glass at the temperature is a function comprising concentrations of viscosity-affecting components and temperature-independent fitting coefficients for the viscosity-affecting components.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: A method for generating various stress profiles for chemically strengthened glass. An alkali aluminosilicate glass is brought into contact with an ion exchange media such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing an alkali metal cation that is larger than an alkali metal cation in the glass. The ion exchange is carried out at temperatures greater than about 420° C. and at least about 30° C. below the anneal point of the glass.

Abstract: Strengthened glass substrates and methods of reducing warp in strengthened glass substrates having 3D and 2.5D shapes are disclosed. In one embodiment, a strengthened glass-based article includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and an edge between the first surface and the second surface. The edge is asymmetric with respect to a plane that is located at an average depth of the strengthened glass-based article and is parallel to the first surface and the second surface. The strengthened glass-based article has an expected warp WE based at least in part on a shape of the asymmetric edge of the strengthened glass-based article. An actual warp WA of the strengthened glass-based article is less than 85% of the expected warp metric WE of the strengthened glass-based article. The actual warp WA of the strengthened glass-based article is measured with a concave surface facing up.

Abstract: A method for ion exchanging glass articles is provided. The method includes ion exchanging a plurality of lots in steps within an ion exchange salt bath, wherein each of the plurality of lots comprises at least one glass article, and wherein the ion exchange salt bath comprises molten salt and, after removing the last lot from the ion exchange salt bath, removing substantially the entire volume of molten salt from the ion exchange salt bath. The method further includes maintaining steady state conditions in the ion exchange salt bath prior to removing substantially the entire volume of salt from the ion exchange salt bath such that at least one of the compressive stress and the central tension of substantially all of the glass articles varies from at least one of the compressive stress and the central tension of any other of the glass articles by less than about 20%.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: Described herein are alkali-free, boroalumino silicate glasses exhibiting desirable physical and chemical properties for use as substrates in flat panel display devices, such as, active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) and active matrix organic light emitting diode displays (AMOLEDs). In accordance with certain of its aspects, the glasses possess excellent compaction and stress relaxation properties.

Abstract: Methods are provided for measuring the asymmetry of glass-sheet manufacturing processes. The methods include subjecting glass sheets or test samples taken from glass sheets to an ion-exchange process and measuring warp values. Metrics for the asymmetry of the glass-sheet manufacturing process are then obtained from the warp values. In one embodiment, the metric is independent of the geometry of the glass sheets or the test samples (the BM1 metric); in another embodiment, the metric is independent of the geometry of the glass sheets or the test samples and substantially independent of the ion-exchange process used in the testing (the ASYM metric).

Abstract: A method of making a strengthened glass article. The method includes altering the glass structure and subsequently creating a compressive layer extending from the surface of the glass to a depth of layer. In some embodiments, the structure is altered by heat treating the glass at a temperature that is less than the annealing point of the glass, and the compressive layer is formed by ion exchange. A strengthened glass article made by the method is also provided.