Abstract: Processes for preparing epoxide compounds are provided. Processes for using epoxide compounds and their industrial applications are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a polyalkylmethacrylate polymer to improve the air release of a functional fluid.

Abstract: Noise generation in a hydraulic system is reduced by contacting a hydraulic fluid comprising a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer with a hydraulic system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a polyalkylmethacrylate polymer to improve the air release of a functional fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a polyalkylmethacrylate polymer to improve the air release of a functional fluid.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a functional fluid comprising A) 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the functional fluid of alkyl(meth)acrylate polymers obtainable by polymerizing a mixture of olefinically unsaturated monomers and B) 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the functional fluid of an oxygen containing compound selected from to group of organophosphorus compounds, carboxylic acid esters and/or polyether polyols.

Abstract: A system, model and method for commercializing a consumable product used in capital equipment by selling the consumable product in a first sale directly to a builder of capital equipment integrally with the sale of the capital equipment at a first price then making a second sale of the consumable product through a different sales path at a second price to a purchaser and/or operator of the capital equipment such that the second sale at the second price is sufficient to cover the development costs of the consumable product and generate a profit for a supplier of the consumable product.

Abstract: The power output of a hydraulic system is improved by operating the hydraulic system with a hydraulic fluid having a VI of at least 130.

Abstract: The present invention describes use of a fluid having a VI of at least 130 to improve the energy efficiency of a hydraulic system. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a hydraulic system comprising a hydraulic fluid having a VI of at least 130, a unit for creating mechanical power, a unit that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy, and a unit that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical work. Preferentially, engine speed can be reduced to decrease load and stress while delivering the same amount of hydraulic power.

Abstract: Concentrated lubricant compositions that, upon dilution, produce emulsions that are useful as lubricants in metal working processes are described. The compositions comprise a substantially neutral phosphate ester and one or more non-ionic surfactants. By appropriate choice of surfactants both microemulsions and macroemulsions can be produced. The emulsions are stable for at least one month at room temperature and offer improved lubricity when used in metal working operations.

Abstract: Concentrated lubricant compositions, dilutable for use in high temperature metal forming processes and containing a triaryl phosphate ester; a non-ionic and/or amphoteric surfactant, an organic sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive, an amine salt of an organic acid, and, optionally, sodium thiosulfate, exhibit improved performance in forming operations and produce parts with less part to part variation.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition particularly suitable for use as a base for aircraft non-flammable hydraulic fluids with reduced wear according to the ASTM four ball test. The compositions comprise trialkyoxyalkyl phosphate esters optionally formulated with alkyl phosphite esters and alkyl and alkaryl phosphate esters.

Abstract: The lubricity (anti-wear properties) of hydrocarbon fuels, oxygenate fuels or mixtures thereof, particularly diesel or aviation fuels having reduced sulphur and/or aromatic content for compliance with regulatory requirements, is improved by the addition of a phosphorus ester or esters (phosphates and/or phosphites), or a concentrate containing the ester or esters, having a total acid number at least 1.0 mg KOH/g. The additives also improve corrosion inhibition.

Abstract: The antiwear properties of synthetic ester lubricants intended for use at high temperatures (150.degree. C. to 350.degree. C.) are improved by adding to the lubricants a hydrocarbon insoluble, synthetic ester soluble, aryl diphosphate ester composition containing a major amount of an aryl diphosphate ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is unsubstituted or alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) substituted arylene and R is unsubstituted or alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) substituted aryl.

Abstract: A method and compositions are presented to provide a functional fluid with an increased thermal stability in the absence of oxygen, the functional fluid base comprising from about 5% to 100% by weight of a triester of a phosphorus acid and from 0% to 95% by weight of a fluid selected from the group consisting of C10-C20 paraffin hydrocarbons, C10-C.degree.aromatic hydrocarbons, C8-C15 dialkyl ethers, C8-C15 N,N dialkyl amides, esters of mono- and di-carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof, the improvement comprising incorporating into the fluid a compound selected from the group consisting of tetrahydronaphthalene and decahydronaphthalene in sufficient quantity to provide an increased stability to high temperature in the absence of oxygen.

Abstract: A method for quenching hot metals especially iron steel or copper with a quenching fluid comprising a major proportion of an organic phosphate ester. The preferred esters are trialkyl phosphates and tri(alkyl phenyl) phosphates. The quenched article may exhibit improved anti-wear properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to bioresistant surfactants and cutting fluid compositions which utilize them. The surfactants consist of soaps of carboxylic acid compounds having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, the carbon skeleton of which is branched and not straight chain. It is the branching which lends the resistance to biodegradation to the products of the invention. Further enhanced bioresistance may be obtained by utilizing a branched lubricating basestock material in the cutting fluid composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a tacky surface area on a styrenic resin, such as a polystyrene label. A thin film is applied of an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl ester of a phosphorus oxyacid providing a tacky area suitable for bonding to another surface. A composition particularly useful for bonding polystyrene labels to bottles is a solid alkyl, aryl or alkaryl ester of a phosphorus oxyacid and a cosolvent selected from terpenoids and aromatic compounds having a flash point of at least 35.degree. C. and a boiling point between 100.degree. C. and 260.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a novel composition of alkylated phenyl phosphate esters comprising by weight 1% to 20% trialkylphenyl phosphate, 10% to 50% dialkylphenyl monophenyl phosphate, 15% to 60% monoalkylphenyl diphenyl phosphate and less than 2% triphenyl phosphate and a process for preparing the composition comprising passing the composition at least once through a thin film evaporator at a temperature of about 200.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. at a pressure sufficiently less than 5 kPa to evaporate about 5% to about 30% of the composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying a polystyrene label to a surface of a polystyrenic article. The process comprises applying a thin film of a terpenoid compound to the polystyrene, the terpenoid compound having a boiling point between 150.degree. C. and 260.degree. C.