Abstract: A method of modification of a railcar to form a modified railcar can be described as comprising the steps of i) providing an existing aluminum body steel underframe donor railcar supported on a pair of trucks; ii) removing a donor car floor construction including either a) hopper discharge gates, and the outside hopper sheets, lower hopper floor and the partition floors forming the hopper chutes of the hopper style donor railcar, or b) the floor sheets and tubs of the gondola style donor cars; iii) forming a floor construction of the modified railcar which includes one of a) triple hopper independent transverse door floor construction, b) quad hopper independent transverse door floor construction, c) dual hopper independent longitudinal door floor construction, or d) flat bottom gondola floor construction, and iv) attaching the floor construction to the car to form the modified railcar.

Abstract: A method of modification of a railcar to form a modified railcar can be described as comprising the steps of i) providing an existing small cube covered hopper donor railcar supported on a pair of trucks; ii) removing a donor car floor construction including hopper discharge gates, and the outside hopper sheets, lower hopper floor and the partition floor forming the hopper chutes of the donor railcar; iii) forming a floor construction of the modified railcar which includes one of a) triple hopper independent transverse door floor construction, b) dual hopper independent longitudinal door floor construction, c) flat bottom gondola floor construction, d) dual hopper ballast car floor construction, and e) twin hopper taconite ore car floor construction, and iv) attaching the floor construction to the car to form the modified railcar.

Abstract: A cold formed center sill configured for extending substantially the length of a railcar, wherein said center sill includes a top wall, a pair of side sections joined to the top wall by a pair of upper curved sections, bottom sections coupled to the side sections through curved connecting sections, wherein the center sill includes an upwardly extending stiffening longitudinal rib centered within the top wall.

Abstract: A cold formed center sill configured for extending substantially the length of a railcar, wherein said center sill includes a top wall, a pair of side sections joined to the top wall by a pair of upper curved sections, bottom sections coupled to the side sections through curved connecting sections, wherein the center sill includes an upwardly extending stiffening longitudinal rib centered within the top wall.

Abstract: A railcar comprising: a plurality of truck assemblies, each truck assembly having at least one wheel an underbody supported on said truck assemblies, said underbody including a cold formed center sill extending substantially the length of said railcar, wherein said center sill includes a top wall, a pair of side sections joined to the top wall by a pair of upper curved sections, bottom sections coupled to the side sections through curved connecting sections, wherein the center sill includes an upwardly extending stiffening longitudinal rib centered within the top wall.

Abstract: A railcar comprising: a plurality of truck assemblies, each truck assembly having at least one wheel an underbody supported on said truck assemblies, said underbody including a cold formed center sill extending substantially the length of said railcar, wherein said center sill includes a top wall, a pair of side sections joined to the top wall by a pair of upper curved sections, bottom sections coupled to the side sections through curved connecting sections, wherein the center sill includes an upwardly extending stiffening longitudinal rib centered within the top wall.

Abstract: A open top railcar comprises a pair of spaced trucks, a railcar body supported on the trucks, the body comprising a pair of side structures on opposed sides of the railcar and a pair of end structures on opposed ends of the railcar, and a top chord extending the length of the side structures and the width of the end structures, wherein the top chord includes an inwardly sloped top surface configured to discharge lading toward the interior of the railcar through gravity. The railcar may further include corner cap, or end cap members, with each corner cap, or end cap including inwardly sloped top surface configured to discharge lading toward the interior of the railcar through gravity. The railcar may be a hopper railcar having a plurality of discharge chutes forming pockets for the body which open to the interior with a plurality of door operated through a pneumatic door operating system and further including a manual door operating override for each door.

Abstract: A method and system for publishing a plurality of books for user access includes selecting a plurality of books, converting each book from a layout or publication digital data form, by providing and applying a tool to detect characteristic features (such as layout, typeface, and hierarchical or organizational features such as chapter headings, captions, drawings and tables), and extracting text or data information of the book tagged with the features. This produces a searchable publishing database indexed by book structure such that a user may remotely, access the database, search desired text data, and view an image of a portion of the book with the desired data. A search engine may score search results based on their position in the hierarchy or other factors, determining degree of relevance of text or data information located by the search engine.