Abstract: A cryogenic freezer and a method of controlling temperature within the cryogenic freezer. The cryogenic freezer includes an inner vessel. The inner vessel defines a storage chamber. The cryogenic freezer includes an outer vessel surrounding the inner vessel. The outer vessel may define a vacuum-insulated space in between the outer vessel and the inner vessel. The cryogenic freezer includes a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature within the storage chamber. The cryogenic freezer includes a controller coupled to the temperature sensor. The controller is configured to pulse an amount of cryogen into the storage container to control the temperature within the storage container.

Abstract: Security systems and methods distinguish user-intended input hardware events from malicious input hardware events, thereby blocking resulting malicious output hardware events, such as, for example, outgoing network traffic. An exemplary security system can comprise an event-tracking unit, an authorization unit, and an enforcement unit. The event-tracking unit can capture a user-initiated hardware event. The authorization unit can analyze a user interface to determine whether the input hardware event should initiate outgoing hardware events and, if so, to create an authorization specific to the outgoing event initiated by the input event. This authorization can be stored in an authorization database. The enforcement unit can monitor outgoing hardware events and block the outgoing events for which no authorization matching the outgoing events are found in the authorization database.

Abstract: A holographic display includes a spatial light modulator (SLM), a light source arranged to illuminate the SLM, and replay optics arranged to focus light reflected from the SLM to present a three dimensional image. The light source appears substantially at a zeroth order point of the replay optics, such that light from the light source is directed through the replay optics before illuminating the SLM.

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a spatial light modulator (SLM), a light source arranged to illuminate the SLM, and replay optics arranged to focus light reflected from the SLM to present a three dimensional image. The light source appears substantially at a zeroth order point of the replay optics, such that light from the light source is directed through the replay optics before illuminating the SLM.

Abstract: A holographic display comprising a spatial light modulator, SLM, for displaying a computer generated hologram, CGH, containing horizontal or vertical parallax only, HPO, means for illuminating the SLM, and means for guiding light reflected from the SLM to a display region, the means for illuminating the SLM comprising a vertically/horizontally oriented line light source.

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a spatial light modulator, SLM, arranged to display a set of tiled holographic images, and illuminating means for illuminating a surface of the SLM. Replay means are provided for focusing light reflected from the SLM surface to present a three dimensional image. The illuminating means comprises a light source appearing substantially at a DC spot position of the replay means.

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a spatial light modulator, SLM, arranged to display a set of tiled holographic images, and illuminating means for illuminating a surface of the SLM. Replay means are provided for focusing light reflected from the SLM surface to present a three dimensional image. The illuminating means comprises a light source appearing substantially at a DC spot position of the replay means.

Abstract: A reconfigurable, three-dimensional display (1) wherein knowledge of the viewer's (4) eyes is used to enable the effective exit pupil(s) of the display system to be optimised. The system utilises this knowledge to identify contributing regions (5) within the display (1) that contribute light to the viewer (4). Priority is given to calculating and displaying the part of the display corresponding to the contributing region (5), thereby allowing the system computation requirements to be minimised. Further computation savings are achievable by recognising that only light travelling in a limited range of angles need to be considered.

Abstract: A method of computing a computer generated hologram (CGH) for use in displaying a holographic image of a replay object. The method of generating a first computer generated hologram corresponding to the desired replay object (step 1); subdividing the first computer generated hologram into a plurality of blocks, each representing a sub CGH (step 2); for each block or sub CGH, calculating the corresponding replay sub-image hereafter called target wavefront data set (step 3); and generating for each target wavefront data set a second constrained modulation computer generated hologram wherein that second CGH is modulated within constrained values (step 5); and combining the plurality of second constrained modulation computer generated holograms to provide a third complete constrained modulation computer generated hologram (step 6).

Abstract: A holographic display comprising a spatial light modulator, SLM, for displaying a computer generated hologram, CGH, containing horizontal or vertical parallax only, HPO, means for illuminating the SLM, and means for guiding light reflected from the SLM to a display region, the means for illuminating the SLM comprising a vertically/horizontally oriented line light source.

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a spatial light modulator, SLM, arranged to display a set of tiled holographic images, and illuminating means for illuminating a surface of the SLM. Replay means are provided for focusing light reflected from the SLM surface to present a three dimensional image. The illuminating means comprises a light source appearing substantially at a DC spot position of the replay means.

Abstract: A method of computing a computer generated hologram (CGH) for use in displaying a holographic image of a replay object. The method comprising the steps of generating a first computer generated hologram corresponding to the desired replay object (step 1); subdividing the first computer generated hologram into a plurality of blocks, each representing a sub CGH (step 2); for each block or sub CGH, calculating the corresponding replay sub-image hereafter called target wavefront data set (step 3); and generating for each target wavefront data set a second constrained modulation computer generated hologram wherein that second CGH is modulated within constrained values (step 5); and combining the plurality of second constrained modulation computer generated holograms to provide a third complete constrained modulation computer generated hologram (step 6).

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a source of coherent light and an Electrically Addressable Spatial Light Modulator (EASLM) in the path of the light source. The EASLM is arranged in use to be driven successively by a set of sub-holograms which together correspond to a holographic image. Light guiding means is arranged to guide light output from the EASLM such that the sub-holograms are displayed successively in respective tiled regions of an EASLM projection surface.

Abstract: A holographic display comprises a light source and an Electrically Addressable Spatial Light Modulator (EASLM) 1 in the path of the light source. A light guide is arranged to guide light from the EASLM to each of a set of tiled regions of a OASLM in turn. The Optically Addressable Spatial Light Modulator (OASLM) 8 has a monostable light modulation property which is changed from a first state to a second state by incident light.

Abstract: A reconfigurable, three-dimensional display (1) wherein knowledge of the viewer's (4) eyes is used to enable the effective exit pupil(s) of the display system to be optimised. The system utilises this knowledge to identify contributing regions (5) within the display (1) that contribute light to the viewer (4). Priority is given to calculating and displaying the part of the display corresponding to the contributing region (5), thereby allowing the system computation requirements to be minimised. Further computation savings are achievable by recognising that only light travelling in a limited range of angles need to be considered.

Abstract: A clamp for temporarily attaching a level to a construction component including an elongated metal or plastic, inverted U-shaped, two-piece body with an opening in the center of the top wall that extends partway down the side walls through which the level bubble is seen, a pair of pivotally-mounted, spring-loaded, opposed jaws for temporarily gripping the construction component, and grooves, a microcatch patches, or screws for temporarily attaching the level to the body. The two-piece body allows for adjustment to levels of different widths.

Abstract: A clamp for temporarily attaching a level to a construction component including an elongated metal or plastic, inverted U-shaped, one-piece body with an opening in the center of the top wall that extends partway down the side walls through which the level bubble is seen, a pair of pivotally-mounted, spring-loaded, opposed jaws having pins for temporarily gripping the construction component, and microcatch patches or screws for temporarily attaching the level to the body.

Abstract: A clamp for temporarily attaching a level to a construction component. One embodiment includes an elongated metal or plastic, inverted U-shaped body with an opening in the center of the top wall that extends down the side walls through which the level bubble is seen, a pair of pivotally-mounted, spring-loaded, opposed jaws for temporarily gripping the construction component, and a microcatch patch or screws for temporarily attaching a level to the body. A second embodiment includes a pair of bent-wire clips, where each clip has a cross piece and a downwardly extending pair of legs that are curved inward so that the ends are closer together than the length of the cross piece and the level is temporarily attached to the clips by friction between the legs and the level, and a pair of opposed bent-wire, spring-loaded jaws attached to the end of the legs for temporarily gripping the construction component.

Abstract: A construction framing tool is provide by an elongated body member and a pair of cooperative members at its opposite ends for assembling studs, joists and rafters between headers and footers. The tool includes a holder or cradle as part of one cooperative member and a shoulder as part of the other cooperative member.