Abstract: Representative embodiments of the present technology include a bat having a barrel shell and a frame structure. The barrel shell may include a barrel region of the bat and part of a tapered region of the bat. The frame structure may include a first portion positioned outside the barrel shell and a second portion positioned inside the barrel shell. In some embodiments, a distal end of the frame structure is in the barrel region but is longitudinally spaced from a distal end of the barrel shell. In some embodiments, the distal end of the frame structure is longitudinally spaced from an end cap of the bat. The barrel shell may flex or pivot relative to the second portion of the frame structure. In some embodiments, the only connection between the frame structure and the barrel shell within the barrel shell may be within the tapered region.

Abstract: A helmet with an outer shell made from a fiber reinforced material, and preferably a fiber reinforced polymer. The helmet preferably has a critical impact area that contains a greater concentration of fibers. Preferably, the helmet has a weight, offset, and dimensions which are comparable to a helmet with an outer shell that is not made from a fiber reinforced material. The helmet is preferably stiffer and more protective than a conventional helmet not having a fiber reinforced outer shell.