Abstract: The method of protecting a surface in a gasifier which is normally an exposed surface in the gasifier. The method includes forming a refractory attachment with a securement surface that confronts the protectable surface in the gasifier and mechanically securing the refractory attachment onto the protectable surface in the gasifier without the refractory attachment penetrating the protectable surface. Such mechanical securing is achieved by providing a latch which if formed of complementary shapes of the securement surface and the protectable surface.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor for sensing corrosion in a pipeline. The sensor includes a housing and a device for joining the housing to a wall of an enclosure that receives a fluid. The sensor also includes a rupture member which extends across a portion of the housing to define a sealed chamber in the housing. The rupture member, upon rupture, provides an opening to the sealed chamber. The rupture member is formed of a material and thickness such that the rupture member will fail from corrosion before the enclosure wall will fail from corrosion. The rupture member is arranged such that fluid received in the enclosure can contact the rupture member. The sensor also includes a sensory device which is connected to the housing at the sealed chamber to signal a rupture condition of the rupture member when the sealed chamber opens.

Abstract: The self-anchoring expansion gap assembly for refractory lined vessels such as a gasifier includes a substantially annular insulating blanket structure formed of compressible refractory material. A coil of rope formed of relatively incompressible refractory material is positioned proximate an outer periphery of the insulating blanket structure. The expansion gap assembly is placed in an expansion gap of a gasifier, for example, such that the coil of rope aligns with an annular channel formed in the refractory lining of the gasifier at the expansion gap. Compression of the expansion gap assembly locks the coil of rope in the annular channel of the expansion gap thereby resisting vacuum pullout. The coil of rope can be formed as a single coil or a plurality of substantially concentric coils preferably from a single length of refractory rope.

Abstract: The self-anchoring expansion gap assembly for refractory lined vessels such as a gasifier includes a substantially annular insulating blanket structure formed of compressible refractory material. A coil of rope formed of relatively incompressible refractory material is positioned proximate an outer periphery of the insulating blanket structure. The expansion gap assembly is placed in an expansion gap of a gasifier, for example, such that the coil of rope aligns with an annular channel formed in the refractory lining of the gasifier at the expansion gap. Compression of the expansion gap assembly locks the coil of rope in the annular channel of the expansion gap thereby resisting vacuum pullout. The coil of rope can be formed as a single coil or a plurality of substantially concentric coils preferably from a single length of refractory rope.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor (20) for sensing corrosion includes a housing (28) and a device (36) for jointing the housing (28) to a wall of a pipeline (10) that receives a fluid (24). The sensor (20) also includes a rupture member (44) which extends across a portion of the housing (28) to define a seal chamber (48) in the housing (28). The rupture member (44), upon rupture, provides an opening to the sealed chamber (48). The rupture member (44) is formed of a material and thickness such that the rupture member (44) will fail from corrosion before the enclosure wall will fail from corrosion. The sensor also includes a sensory device (100) which is connected to the housing (28) at the sealed chamber (48) to signal a rupture condition.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor for sensing corrosion in a pipeline. The sensor includes a housing and a device for joining the housing to a wall of an enclosure that receives a fluid. The sensor also includes a rupture member which extends across a portion of the housing to define a sealed chamber in the housing. The rupture member, upon rupture, provides an opening to the sealed chamber. The rupture member is formed of a material and thickness such that the rupture member will fail from corrosion before the enclosure wall will fail from corrosion. The rupture member is arranged such that fluid received in the enclosure can contact the rupture member. The sensor also includes a sensory device which is connected to the housing at the sealed chamber to signal a rupture condition of the rupture member when the sealed chamber opens.

Abstract: The fuel injector nozzle for a gasifier includes a protective refractory sheath that is flush mounted at a downstream end proximate the nozzle outlet portion. The refractory insert is of annular form to surround the nozzle outlet. The annular refractory member can be a one-piece structure or a multi-segment structure of preferably not more than four pieces. Whether the annular refractory member is a one-piece structure or a multi-segment structure, it is recessed in a downstream end surface of the fuel injector nozzle and retained in the recess by locking pins or by thread-like engagement between a projection and a groove that are provided on complementary inter-engaging surfaces of the recess and the refractory member. The retaining structure provided on the annular refractory member and at the recess in which the refractory member is disposed securely maintain the annular refractory protective member in position.

Abstract: The protective refractory shield for a gasifier includes a refractory attachment that is mechanically secured to a protectable surface of the gasifier. The refractory attachment includes a plurality of attachment members of predetermined angular sector. The refractory attachment is provided to cover a downwardly facing horizontal surface of the gasifier or to be positioned upon a vertical surface thereof. Latching means for the attachment include a projecting formation that projects from the protectable surface that engages a complementary shaped recess in the attachment to mechanically secure the attachment to the protectable surface. The latching means do not form recesses in the protectable surface nor does the refractory attachments form recesses in the protectable surface. Thus the integrity of the protectable surface is maintained while it is protected.

Abstract: A corrosion sensor for sensing corrosion in a pipeline. The sensor includes a housing and a device for joining the housing to a wall of an enclosure that receives a fluid. The sensor also includes a rupture member which extends across a portion of the housing to define a sealed chamber in the housing. The rupture member, upon rupture, provides an opening to the sealed chamber. The rupture member is formed of a material and thickness such that the rupture member will fail from corrosion before the enclosure wall will fail from corrosion. The rupture member is arranged such that fluid received in the enclosure can contact the rupture member. The sensor also includes a sensory device which is connected to the housing at the sealed chamber to signal a rupture condition of the rupture member when the sealed chamber opens.

Abstract: The fuel injector nozzle for a gasifier includes a protective refractory sheath that is flush mounted at a downstream end proximate the nozzle outlet portion. The refractory insert is of annular form to surround the nozzle outlet. The annular refractory member can be a one-piece structure or a multi-segment structure of preferably not more than four pieces. Whether the annular refractory member is a one-piece structure or a multi-segment structure, it is recessed in a downstream end surface of the fuel injector nozzle and retained in the recess by locking pins or by thread-like engagement between a projection and a groove that are provided on complementary inter-engaging surfaces of the recess and the refractory member. The retaining structure provided on the annular refractory member and at the recess in which the refractory member is disposed securely maintain the annular refractory protective member in position.

Abstract: A refractory lining in the transition section of a gasifier to the waste heat boiler with claws/brackets for supporting refractory shaped bricks. Each claw is suspended on hooks in a pipe branch and is protected from overheating by cooling tubes. The refractory lining is supported in the tube bundle by brackets, which are arranged one on top of another and are welded to webs tube-web-tube welding of the tube bundle. The lower bracket at the cooling tube bundle and the horizontal tube wall are protected against clogging with slag by a refractory mass with a drip nose. Expansion joints are provided between the shaped brick segments under the brackets, whereas ring-shaped fiberboard segments are inserted above the claw.

Abstract: A gasifier (10) for partially combusting a carbonaceous fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (13) of the gasifier (10). The latter includes a water bath (26) into which the hot effluent or the products of combustion are immersed, including a synthetic gas. The products of combustion are directed into the bath (26) by way of a constricted throat section (31). To avoid excessive erosion action and/or thermal shock to the throat section (31) as a result of exposure to the effluent's high temperatures, the throat section (31) is structured with an internal framework of pipes (32). The flamework (32) is communicated with a pressurized source of a cooling fluid (42), preferably water, whereby to cool the throat section (31) sufficiently to counteract the ill effects of exposure to contact with the high temperature effluent.

Abstract: The operating life of a fuel injector nozzle for a gasifier is prolonged by shielding the fuel injector nozzle with a preformed protective insulating sheath before the fuel injector nozzle is installed inside a preheated reaction chamber of the gasifier. The thermal insulating sheath has low thermal conductivity and is placed around the fuel injector nozzle body. The thermal sheath can also be positioned to cover a downstream end of the fuel injector nozzle that includes a nozzle portion. The thermal insulating sheath is supported by ceramic rope, solder or metal wire and is gradually consumable in the environs of the reaction chamber immediately after the fuel injector nozzle is installed. Before the thermal sheath is consumed, it moderates the temperature rise rate of the fuel injector nozzle while the fuel injector nozzle is being installed in the gasifier.

Abstract: A method facilitating the deslagging of a partial oxidation reactor used to produce syngas is disclosed. The slag comprises vanadium trioxide and a siliceous material that accumulate on the interior walls of the partial oxidation reactor as a byproduct of the syngas production. The deslagging is accomplished by controlled oxidation, wherein the vanadium to glass weight ratio is maintained to at least about 3:2, operating the reactor at a temperature of at least about 2000.degree. F, and maintaining controlled oxidation conditions sufficient to convert the vanadium trioxide in the slag to vanadium pentoxide.