Abstract: An equalizer may include an equalizer circuit and a controller. The equalizer circuit may generate an equalized signal based on a control code and input data. The controller may generate the control code based on a transition information signal having information on a number of data transitions in each clock period between multi-phase clocks.

Abstract: The phase detection circuit may allow an operating speed of a semiconductor circuit to be increased irrespective of whether a combinational logic circuit within the semiconductor circuit operates at lower operating speeds. The phase detection circuit may adjust a data rate of an input data signal and selectively enable reference signals and error signals. The phase detection circuit may be included within a clock data recovery circuit.

Abstract: A recovery circuit may include a phase detector, a quadrant decision unit, a quadrant controller, a charge pump unit, and a phase interpolator. The phase detector may compare a phase of input data with a phase of a current output clock to generate first up signal and first down signal and the quadrant decision unit may determine the phase location for the current output clock and output quadrant decision signals based on a phase location. The quadrant controller may output a second up signal and a second down signal based on the first up signal and the first down signal and the quadrant decision signals, and the charge pump unit may output a first and second phase control voltage based on the second up signal and the second down signal. The phase interpolator may select clocks from a plurality of clocks based on the quadrant decision signals and output an output clock signal based on the selected clocks.

Abstract: A filter for exterior supportless brewing of coffee and the like consisting of an annular sector disc carton and a circular filter paper. The filter paper is placed concentrically in the disc carton when folded in a funnel fashion. A recess of triangular shape can be provided in the outer periphery to form a collar on the funnel.