Abstract: An apparatus for determining connection of a trailer includes: a voltage applying unit configured to apply a test voltage to a lamp, provided in a trailer, through a driving voltage supply line according to a lamp check signal, the driving voltage supply line being a line through which a driving voltage is supplied from a vehicle to the lamp; and a control unit configured to determine whether the vehicle and the trailer are connected to each other, based on a voltage applied to a connection detection resistor, provided in the voltage applying unit, by the applied test voltage. A magnitude of current, flowing to the lamp when the test voltage is applied, is smaller than a magnitude of current flowing to the lamp when the driving voltage is applied.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, wherein the electrophotographic toner has a complex viscosity (?) of 4e2 Pa·s to 8e3 Pa·s at a temperature range of 120 to 160° C. and an angular velocity range of 1.6 to 10 rad/s, a rate of change of the complex viscosity of 165 to 185 Pa·s/° C. at 1.6 rad/s, and 70 to 80 Pa·s/° C. at 10 rad/s within the temperature range, a stress relaxation of 1.0 e3 to 4.5 e4 Pa at a relaxation time of 0.05 to 0.3 seconds under a temperature range of 120 to 160° C., and a rate of change of the stress relaxation (?G/?T) of 785 to 1000 Pa/° C. at 0.05 seconds and 190 to 215 Pa/° C. at 0.3 seconds within the temperature range above.

Abstract: A complex metal oxide catalyst having a composition including about 5 to about 75 wt % of manganese (Mn); about 5 to about 55 wt % of copper (Cu); and about 3 to about 60 wt % of an active compound, based on a total weight of the complex metal oxide catalyst. The complex metal oxide catalyst has excellent low-temperature activity and improved catalyst efficiency so as to be repeatedly used, and thus is effectively used in a filter module and an air cleaner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing agent is provided that includes a binder resin, a releasing agent, a colorant, and a charge control agent. By using a binder resin having a high acid value and a mixture of two waxes having different melting points as a releasing agent, a electrophotographic developing agent is obtained, which has excellent fusing property and durability and does not result in hot offset and wrap jamming.

Abstract: A non-magnetic one-component electrophotographic developing agent is provided having improved properties. The electrophotographic developing agent includes parent toner particles comprising a binder resin, a releasing agent, a colorant, and a charge control agent, and an external additive which is added to a surface of the parent toner particles, wherein the binder resin comprises a high viscosity polyester resin having a weight average molecular weight of about 90,000-140,000 and a gel content of less than about 5% and a low viscosity polyester resin having a weight average molecular weight of about 52,000-65,000 and a gel content of less than about 2%. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrophotographic developing agent having improved image gloss and fusing property, while ensuring durability may be prepared by using a blended combination of a high viscosity polyester resin and a low viscosity polyester resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, wherein the electrophotographic toner has a complex viscosity (?) of 4e2 Pa·s to 8e3 Pa·s at a temperature range of 120 to 160° C. and an angular velocity range of 1.6 to 10 rad/s, a rate of change of the complex viscosity of 165 to 185 Pa·s/° C. at 1.6 rad/s, and 70 to 80 Pa·s/° C. at 10 rad/s within the temperature range, a stress relaxation of 1.0 e3 to 4.5 e4 Pa at a relaxation time of 0.05 to 0.3 seconds under a temperature range of 120 to 160° C., and a rate of change of the stress relaxation (?G/?T) of 785 to 1000 Pa/° C. at 0.05 seconds and 190 to 215 Pa/° C. at 0.3 seconds within the temperature range above.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing agent is provided that includes a binder resin, a releasing agent, a colorant, and a charge control agent. By using a binder resin having a high acid value and a mixture of two waxes having different melting points as a releasing agent, a electrophotographic developing agent is obtained, which has excellent fusing property and durability and does not result in hot offset and wrap jamming.

Abstract: A toner composition for an electrophotography image forming apparatus includes toner particles and external additives. The toner particles include a colorant, a charge control agent and a release agent with binder resins. The external additives include a first silica having an opposite polarity to the toner particles, a second silica having the same polarity as the toner particles, a sodium titanate having the same polarity as the toner particles, and an aluminum oxide having the same polarity as the toner particles.

Abstract: A non-magnetic one-component electrophotographic developing agent is provided having improved properties. The electrophotographic developing agent includes parent toner particles comprising a binder resin, a releasing agent, a colorant, and a charge control agent, and an external additive which is added to a surface of the parent toner particles, wherein the binder resin comprises a high viscosity polyester resin having a weight average molecular weight of about 90,000-140,000 and a gel content of less than about 5% and a low viscosity polyester resin having a weight average molecular weight of about 52,000-65,000 and a gel content of less than about 2%. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrophotographic developing agent having improved image gloss and fusing property, while ensuring durability may be prepared by using a blended combination of a high viscosity polyester resin and a low viscosity polyester resin.

Abstract: A method to prepare a toner composition using a continuous reactor may include inputting a first monomer, a second monomer, and a polymerization initiator into the continuous reactor to polymerize the first and second monomers, and adding a releasing agent, a colorant, and a charge control agent to the polymer of the first and second monomers.

Abstract: A toner composition preparation method is provided which can improve dispersibility of a colorant in a toner composition to form images of a high quality, enhance the fixing property and fluidity of the toner, and prevent a developing member from being contaminated due to inferior dispersibility of the colorant. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the toner composition preparation method by mixing a first binder resin with a colorant to prepare a master batch mixture; and adding a second binder resin, a releasing agent and a charge controlling agent to the obtained master batch mixture to produce the toner composition, wherein a melting point of the first binder resin is lower than that of the second binder resin.

Abstract: A method of preparing a nonmagnetic one-component pulverized color electrophotographic developer, includes: preparing a master batch by melt-kneading at least two binder resins and wax; and melt-kneading a mixture of the master batch, a colorant, and a charge control agent. According to the method, paper jams can be decreased and a toner having wide fixing margin can be obtained by preventing wax from being dispersed mainly in a resin having a similar melting property as wax during melt-kneading to prepare a toner. An electrophotographic developer prepared using the method can prevent image contamination and developing member contamination. Also, the electrophotographic developer can guarantee wide fixing margin of the toner, and thus can be efficiently used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A non-magnetic one-constituent developing agent is an electro-photographic developing agent that provides high quality images without fogging, scattering of toners and ineffective development by maintaining stable charges and a uniform distribution of toners over an extended lifetime in a developing apparatus of an electro-photographic image processing device. In addition, the developing agent has deodorizing, anti-bacterial and sterilizing functions.

Abstract: A nonmagentic one-component toner for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes a toner with toner particles, a binder resin having a coloring agent, a charging control agent, and a release agent, and an external additive added to the toner particles. The external additive includes approximately 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of silica having a charge opposite to the toner particles, approximately 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of silica having a same charge as the toner particles, and approximately 0.1 to 4.0 wt % of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing agent including an untreated toner including a binding resin, a black colorant, and a charge controlling agent, and an external additive added to a surface of the untreated toner, wherein the black colorant includes a titanium oxide. Accordingly, the electrophotographic developing agent has good mixing properties, dispersion properties, and heat resistance while maintaining proper image concentration. Also, the electrophotographic developing agent can be employed in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A toner having toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant; and a first external additive having 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of large silica particles with an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm; a second external additive having 0.1 to 3.0 wt % of small silica particles with an average particle size of 5 to 20 nm; a third external additive having 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of hydrophobic titanium dioxide microparticles with a resistance of 105 to 1012 ?cm; and a fourth external additive having at least one of 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of conductive titanium dioxide particles with a resistance of 1 to 105 ?cm and 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of positively chargeable aluminum oxide particles. Therefore, a thin toner layer with a uniform toner amount is formed on a toner carrier and stable charge distribution and toner flowability are maintained for a long time, thereby resulting in prevention of fog and toner scattering, and improvements in developing efficiency and toner durability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing agent is provided including: toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent; and an external additive added to the surface of the toner particles, wherein the external additive includes a large particle diameter silica component having a mean primary particle diameter of 20 to 200 nm and surface treated with at least two different types of surface treatment agent; a small particle diameter silica component having a mean primary particle diameter of 5 to 20 nm and surface treated with at least two different types of surface treatment agent; and a hydrophobic strontium titanate. The electrophotographic developing agent includes the silcas that are surface treated with at least two different types of surface treatment agent and the hydrophobic strontium titanate as the external additive, thereby maintaining stable charge quantity and charge distribution in spite of environmental changes and long printing time to prevent fog and blurring.

Abstract: A toner composition includes toner particles containing a coloring agent, a binder, a charge control agent, a release agent, and an external additive, wherein the external additive includes a silica, a calcium-based titanium oxide and a cerium oxide. In the toner composition, by which the image density is maintained stably, the fog phenomenon does not occur, a feeding property is very effective, and the filming phenomenon does not occur.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developing agent is provided. The electrophotographic developing agent includes toner particles and an external additive. The toner particles include a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent. The external additives which are added to the toner particles include a large-diameter silica having a primary average particle size of about 20 to about 200 nm, a small-diameter silica having a primary average particle size of about 5 to about 20 nm, a hydrophobic titanium oxide, and a polymer bead. The electrophotographic developing agent can maintain a stable charge and charge distribution of the toner over a long period due to the addition of the external additives. The external additives prevent the fogging and the image contamination in a cycle of a charging roller.

Abstract: A developing device used with an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and developing method thereof includes a power supplying unit which applies a first electric field to a toner transfer body and a supplying member so that the toner is supplied to the toner transfer body when a development operation is performed, and applies a second electric field to the toner transfer body and the supplying member so that the toner is removed from the toner transfer body when the development operation is not performed, by varying a developing bias and a supplying bias.