Abstract: A quad-polymer composition includes monomers of (a) acrylonitrile, (a) vinylimidazole, (c) methyl acrylate and (d) either acrylic acid or itaconic acid. Such quad- polymer compositions may be used to form fibers (such as by melt spinning) that may then be annealed, stabilized, and/or carbonized to produce carbon fibers. The quad-polymer composition may be used for supercapacitors, lithium battery electrodes once carbonized, and as synthesized, it may be used for wound healing fibers, fabrics, coatings, and films, and anti-bacterial/anti-microbial fibers, fabrics, coatings and films. The carbon fibers formed from the quad-polymer composition may be used for the fiber composites for automobile, aerospace structures, marine structures, military equipment/parts, sporting goods, robotics, furniture, and electronic parts.

Abstract: A quad-polymer composition includes monomers of (a) acrylonitrile, (a) vinylimidazole, (c) methyl acrylate and (d) either acrylic acid or itaconic acid. Such quad-polymer compositions may be used to form fibers (such as by melt spinning) that may then be annealed, stabilized, and/or carbonized to produce carbon fibers. The quad-polymer composition may be used for supercapacitors, lithium battery electrodes once carbonized, and as synthesized, it may be used for wound healing fibers, fabrics, coatings, and films, and anti-bacterial/anti-microbial fibers, fabrics, coatings and films. The carbon fibers formed from the quad-polymer composition may be used for the fiber composites for automobile, aerospace structures, marine structures, military equipment/parts, sporting goods, robotics, furniture, and electronic parts.

Abstract: A quad-polymer composition includes monomers of (a) acrylonitrile, (a) vinylimidazole, (c) methyl acrylate and (d) either acrylic acid or itaconic acid. Such quad-polymer compositions may be used to form fibers (such as by melt spinning) that may then be annealed, stabilized, and/or carbonized to produce carbon fibers. The quad-polymer composition may be used for supercapacitors, lithium battery electrodes once carbonized, and as synthesized, it may be used for wound healing fibers, fabrics, coatings, and films, and anti-bacterial/anti-microbial fibers, fabrics, coatings and films. The carbon fibers formed from the quad-polymer composition may be used for the fiber composites for automobile, aerospace structures, marine structures, military equipment/parts, sporting goods, robotics, furniture, and electronic parts.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved method for preparing carbon fiber via modified stabilization and carbonization methods during a process of forming filaments of co-polymers comprising acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl imidazole (VIM) by adding an additive during the during the extrusion process to decrease stabilization temperature, increase crosslinking during oxidation, or decrease the temperatures of carbonization.

Abstract: A quad-polymer composition includes monomers of (a) acrylonitrile, (a) vinylimidazole, (c) methyl acrylate and (d) either acrylic acid or itaconic acid. Such quad-polymer compositions may be used to form fibers (such as by melt spinning) that may then be annealed, stabilized, and/or carbonized to produce carbon fibers. The quad-polymer composition may be used for supercapacitors, lithium battery electrodes once carbonized, and as synthesized, it may be used for wound healing fibers, fabrics, coatings, and films, and anti-bacterial/anti-microbial fibers, fabrics, coatings and films. The carbon fibers formed from the quad-polymer composition may be used for the fiber composites for automobile, aerospace structures, marine structures, military equipment/parts, sporting goods, robotics, furniture, and electronic parts.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method of hydrolyzing a polysaccharide to obtain the corresponding saccharides using an amino acid solution. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of using an amino acid salt such as hydrogen glycine in a solution to obtain a monosaccharide such as glucose, xylose, or fructose.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to a method of hydrolyzing a polysaccharide to obtain the corresponding saccharides using an amino acid solution. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of using an amino acid salt such as hydrogen glycine in a solution to obtain a monosaccharide such as glucose, xylose, or fructose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a carbon nanotubes fiber by providing a polyethylene terephthalate substrate; contacting the polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a polyvinyl alcohol polymer solution to form a polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate; contacting the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer with a carbon nanotube solution, wherein the carbon nanotubes solution comprises one or more carbon nanotubes; forming a nanotube layer on the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer; delaminating the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer from the polyethylene terephthalate substrate to release a composite fiber layer; stretching the composite fiber layer; and drying the composite fiber layer.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods utilize bicarbonate and acid to form carbon dioxide in a well (e.g., an oil well) to increase pressure in the well to facilitate production of oil and other resources, such as hydrocarbons, from the well. The well can be a closed system that facilitates absorption of the carbon dioxide into the oil resource. After the carbon dioxide is absorbed within the oil, the oil containing the carbon dioxide can be produced by the well. The carbon dioxide can be recycled after the resource is mined from the well to create bicarbonate that subsequently can be used with acid to facilitate the production from the well.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and nano-sized zinc oxide particles. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve cold start performance of internal combustion engines or lower a flash point temperature of a liquid fuel.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Abstract: A method of recovering petroleum from dormant oil wells or increasing the production of oil wells. An alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate is introduced into a water layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir and/or an explosive composition is introduced into an oil layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir. CO2 gas is produced by reacting the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate with an acid and/or by detonating the explosive composition.

Abstract: A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process and a continuous reacting apparatus for synthesizing a semiconductor gas including germane (GeH4) or arsine (AsH3) gas.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods that utilize bicarbonate and acid to form carbon dioxide in a well (e.g., an oil well) to increase pressure in the well to facilitate production of oil and other resources, such as hydrocarbons, from the well. The well can be a closed system that facilitates absorption of the carbon dioxide into the oil resource. After the carbon dioxide is absorbed within the oil, the oil containing the carbon dioxide can be produced by the well. The carbon dioxide can be recycled after the resource is mined from the well to create bicarbonate that subsequently can be used with acid to facilitate the production from the well.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a carbon nanotubes fiber by providing a polyethylene terephthalate substrate; contacting the polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a polyvinyl alcohol polymer solution to form a polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate; contacting the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer with a carbon nanotube solution, wherein the carbon nanotubes solution comprises one or more carbon nanotubes; forming a nanotube layer on the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer; delaminating the polyvinyl alcohol polymer layer from the polyethylene terephthalate substrate to release a composite fiber layer; stretching the composite fiber layer; and drying the composite fiber layer.

Abstract: An aviation fuel composition contains an aviation fuel and nano-sized zinc particles. Examples of nano-sized zinc particles include nano-sized metallic zinc particles, nano-sized zinc oxide particles, and nano-sized zinc peroxide particles. The aviation fuel composition can be made by combining an aviation fuel and nano-sized zinc particles. The aviation fuel composition can be used to improve combustion in an aircraft engine.

Abstract: A method of recovering petroleum from dormant oil wells or increasing the production of oil wells. An alkali or alkali earth carbonate is introduced into a water layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir and/or an explosive composition is introduced into an oil layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir. CO2 gas is produced by reacting the alkali or alkali earth carbonate with an acid and/or by detonating the explosive composition.

Abstract: A method of recovering petroleum from dormant oil wells or increasing the production of oil wells. An alkali or alkali earth carbonate is introduced into a water layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir and/or an explosive composition is introduced into an oil layer associated with a subterranean petroleum reservoir. CO2 gas is produced by reacting the alkali or alkali earth carbonate with an acid and/or by detonating the explosive composition. An explosive composition can be introduced and detonated to achieve sufficient CO2 gas production to increase pressure within the subterranean petroleum reservoir. Petroleum recovery can be further enhanced through the use of techniques to reduce petroleum viscosity including sonication.