Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a Wheatstone bridge array that has four resistors. Each resistor includes a plurality of TMR structures. Two resistors have identical TMR structures. The remaining two resistors also have identical TMR structures, though the TMR structures are different from the other two resistors. Additionally, the two resistors that have identical TMR structures have a different resistance area as compared to the remaining two resistors that have identical TMR structures. Therefore, the working bias field for the Wheatstone bridge array is non-zero.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor device is disclosed that includes four or more TMR resistors. The TMR sensor device comprises a first TMR resistor comprising a first TMR film, a second TMR resistor comprising a second TMR film different than the first TMR film, a third TMR resistor comprising the second TMR film, and a fourth TMR resistor comprising the first TMR film. The first, second, third, and fourth TMR resistors are disposed in the same plane. The first TMR film comprises a synthetic anti-ferromagnetic pinned layer having a magnetization direction of the reference layer orthogonal to a free layer. The second TMR film comprises a double synthetic anti-ferromagnetic pinned layer having a magnetization direction of the reference layer orthogonal to the magnetization of a free layer, but opposite to the magnetization direction of the reference layer of the first TMR film.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor device is disclosed that includes one or more TMR sensors. The TMR sensor device comprises a first resistor comprising a first TMR film, a second resistor comprising a second TMR film different than the first TMR film, a third resistor comprising the second TMR film, and a fourth resistor comprising the first TMR film. The first TMR film comprises a reference layer having a first magnetization direction anti-parallel to a second magnetization direction of a pinned layer. The second TMR film comprises a reference layer having a first magnetization direction parallel to a second magnetization direction of a first pinned layer, and a second pinned layer having a third magnetization direction anti-parallel to the first magnetization direction of the reference layer and the second magnetization direction of the first pinned layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a Wheatstone bridge array that has four resistors. Each resistor includes a plurality of TMR structures. Two resistors have identical TMR structures. The remaining two resistors also have identical TMR structures, though the TMR structures are different from the other two resistors. Additionally, the two resistors that have identical TMR structures have a different resistance area as compared to the remaining two resistors that have identical TMR structures. Therefore, the working bias field for the Wheatstone bridge array is non-zero.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor device is disclosed that includes one or more TMR sensors. The TMR sensor device comprises a first resistor comprising a first TMR film, a second resistor comprising a second TMR film different than the first TMR film, a third resistor comprising the second TMR film, and a fourth resistor comprising the first TMR film. The first TMR film comprises a reference layer having a first magnetization direction anti-parallel to a second magnetization direction of a pinned layer. The second TMR film comprises a reference layer having a first magnetization direction parallel to a second magnetization direction of a first pinned layer, and a second pinned layer having a third magnetization direction anti-parallel to the first magnetization direction of the reference layer and the second magnetization direction of the first pinned layer.

Abstract: A tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor device is disclosed that includes four or more TMR resistors. The TMR sensor device comprises a first TMR resistor comprising a first TMR film, a second TMR resistor comprising a second TMR film different than the first TMR film, a third TMR resistor comprising the second TMR film, and a fourth TMR resistor comprising the first TMR film. The first, second, third, and fourth TMR resistors are disposed in the same plane. The first TMR film comprises a synthetic anti-ferromagnetic pinned layer having a magnetization direction of the reference layer orthogonal to a free layer. The second TMR film comprises a double synthetic anti-ferromagnetic pinned layer having a magnetization direction of the reference layer orthogonal to the magnetization of a free layer, but opposite to the magnetization direction of the reference layer of the first TMR film.

Abstract: A method provides a magnetic write apparatus on a substrate. A mask is provided on a substrate. The mask has a trench therein. The trench has a top, a bottom and a plurality of sidewalls extending between the top and the bottom of the trench. The top of the trench is wider than the bottom. A protective layer is provided in the trench. The protective layer extends from the top of the trench along a first portion of the plurality of sidewalls such that the bottom of the trench and a second portion of the plurality of sidewalls are free of the protective layer. The structure is provided in a remaining portion of the trench.

Abstract: A wireless magnetic field communication system working within the range of less than 1.5 m without induction induced interference during listening mode is proposed. The system comprises at least a transmitter and a receiver. Several novel transmitter designs using either active-connection-control solenoid or spin-orbit torque (SOT) based patterned thin film element(s) are proposed. The system has intrinsic high data security level due to its limited working range, as well as large data transfer rate. The system is suitable to establish a temporary off-the grid magnetic field communication network. It also provides a new data communication approach among modules instead of data cable in industry equipment. The system can be used as a standalone or built-in system for communication between devices or modularized components of a system.

Abstract: A universal fall detect system and its unique designed sensor as well as methodology to detect the fall event are disclosed. The fall event is detected by measuring relative position, and/or orientation between host body and direction of gravity at the spot where falling event happens. The system can present either as a standalone system or a built-in component with supporting software installed on other devices. The system linked to wide network and wide audience can trigger several emergency response and assistances if needed in time when a falling event happens.

Abstract: A method for making an interferometric taper waveguide (I-TWG) with high critical dimension uniformity and small line edge roughness for a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head, wherein the method includes creating an I-TWG film stack with two hard mask layers on top of an I-TWG core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers, defining a photoresist pattern over the I-TWG film stack using deep ultraviolet lithography, transferring the pattern to the first hard mask layer using reactive ion etching (RIE), forming a temporary I-TWG pattern on the second hard mask layer using RIE, transferring the temporary pattern to the I-TWG core using RIE, refilling the cladding layer, and planarizing using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

Abstract: A three-dimensional sensor system made from an assembly of three either semi- or fully independently oriented sensors, each of which has a working principle based on detecting the movement of a floating magnet supported by magnetic levitation. The sensor system can be used for fall detecting, tilting monitoring and vibration tracking. The volume fabrication method of making individual sensor for such as system is also given.

Abstract: Vehicle onboard safety systems against deception during driving-under-influence (DUI) test, using cheiloscopy sensor or bite mark sensor as biometrics have been invented. The systems have an engine interlock system, which controls the engine ignition based on the onboard DUI testing result. The systems also have a smart phone locker designed to take the smart phone away from the driver in order to avoid any driving distraction, while allowing connection to external network and resource through tethering.

Abstract: Vehicle onboard safety systems against deception during driving-under-influence (DUI) test, using cheiloscopy sensor or bite mark sensor as biometrics have been invented. The systems have an engine interlock system, which controls the engine ignition based on the onboard DUI testing result. The systems also have a smart phone locker designed to take the smart phone away from the driver in order to avoid any driving distraction, while allowing connection to external network and resource through tethering.

Abstract: A mode converter for use in a Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) read head to couple or bend light (e.g., from an external laser diode) into a tapered waveguide, and subsequently, to a near field transducer is provided. The mode converter may have an ultra-sharp tip, e.g., less than 200 nm to achieve a desired optical output. Manufacturing such a mode converter involves a two-pattern transform process, where overlay control (using a first edge, such as a right edge, as a reference layer relative to which positioning of a second edge, such as a left edge, is measured) allows for aligning of the right and left edges of a tip portion of the mode converter to ultimately create the ultra-sharp tip.

Abstract: A method for making an interferometric taper waveguide (I-TWG) with high critical dimension uniformity and small line edge roughness for a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head, wherein the method includes creating an I-TWG film stack with two hard mask layers on top of an I-TWG core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers, defining a photoresist pattern over the I-TWG film stack using deep ultraviolet lithography, transferring the pattern to the first hard mask layer using reactive ion etching (RIE), forming a temporary I-TWG pattern on the second hard mask layer using RIE, transferring the temporary pattern to the I-TWG core using RIE, refilling the cladding layer, and planarizing using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

Abstract: Fall detection method and systems with its unique designed sensors are disclosed. The capacitive sensing based systems use the abrupt changes of the capacitance value to detect whether a real fall event happens, while the reed sensor/or reed switch based systems work in power saving passive mode to detect the real fall event by analyzing the binary “on/off” signal available from the reed sensor/or reed switch. Both rely on the orientation change of the host body respects to local gravity direction during the falling process. The system can present either as a standalone system or a built-in component with supporting software installed on other devices.

Abstract: A method for making an interferometric taper waveguide (I-TWG) with high critical dimension uniformity and small line edge roughness for a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head, wherein the method includes creating an I-TWG film stack with two hard mask layers on top of an I-TWG core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers, defining a photoresist pattern over the I-TWG film stack using deep ultraviolet lithography, transferring the pattern to the first hard mask layer using reactive ion etching (RIE), forming a temporary I-TWG pattern on the second hard mask layer using RIE, transferring the temporary pattern to the I-TWG core using RIE, refilling the cladding layer, and planarizing using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

Abstract: Fall detection method and systems with its unique designed sensors are disclosed. The capacitive sensing based systems use the abrupt changes of the capacitance value to detect whether a real fall event happens, while the reed sensor/or reed switch based systems work in power saving passive mode to detect the real fall event by analyzing the binary “on/off” signal available from the reed sensor/or reed switch. Both rely on the orientation change of the host body respects to local gravity direction during the falling process. The system can present either as a standalone system or a built-in component with supporting software installed on other devices.

Abstract: A universal fall detect system and its unique designed sensor as well as methodology to detect the fall event are disclosed. The fall event is detected by measuring relative position, and/or orientation between host body and direction of gravity at the spot where falling event happens. The system can present either as a standalone system or a built-in component with supporting software installed on other devices. The system linked to wide network and wide audience can trigger several emergency response and assistances if needed in time when a falling event happens.

Abstract: A sensor with unique floating magnet based on magnetic levitation, which can be used for multiple purposes, such as fall detection, tilting monitor and vibration measurement, is proposed. The manufacture method of making such a sensor is also given along with the fall detection methodology.