Abstract: A method and device for cell (re)selection in an EFB-based non-terrestrial network includes the steps of: receiving, from a satellite, cell selection configuration information including information about a cell service timer indicating when each of one or more cells can provide a communication service; decreasing the cell service timer of each of the one or more cells; measuring the reception quality of each of the one or more cells; and performing a cell selection procedure on the basis of the cell service timer of each of the one or more cells.

Abstract: A method and a device for timing control in a non-terrestrial network are provided. The method includes: transmitting, to a UE, first system information including a first scheduling offset; determining a first update period of the first scheduling offset; transmitting, to the UE, a first message including information about the first update period; and transmitting, to the UE, a second message including information about a scheduling offset updated according to the first update period.

Abstract: In a method and device for cell (re)selection in an EMB-based non-terrestrial network. the method of a UE includes the steps of: configuring a candidate cell set which is a set of one or more neighboring cells having a cell timer value greater than the sum of a cell service timer value of a serving cell and a second value among at least one neighboring cell; selecting a candidate cell among the one or more neighboring cells on the basis of the SAT service timer value of each of the one or more neighboring cells belonging to the candidate cell set; and performing a procedure for configuring a connection with the candidate cell.

Abstract: A method and a device for handover in an earth-moving beam (EMB)-based non-terrestrial network are disclosed. A method of a user equipment (UE) comprises the steps of: receiving, from a first cell of a satellite, first handover configuration information including information about a first cell service timer indicating the time at which a communication service can be provided in the first cell; reducing the first cell service timer according to a first reduction interval; and triggering an intra-satellite (intra-SAT) handover procedure if the first cell service timer has a first critical value or less.

Abstract: A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication-based electronic toll collection system (ETCS) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least one roadside unit (RSU), a token issuer checking a de-identified token of a vehicle by communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle via the at least one roadside unit, and a clearing house communicating with the token issuer and charging a toll to a driver/owner of the vehicle. The token issuer generates toll information of the vehicle based on the de-identified token of the vehicle and location information of the at least one roadside unit involved in checking the de-identified token.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: obtaining a plurality of serving beam measurement values by performing measurement on a plurality of serving beams; identifying a minimum measurement value among the plurality of serving beam measurement values; obtaining a plurality of beam measurement values by performing measurement on a plurality of beams received from a plurality of base stations included in the communication system; determining whether a first condition is satisfied, the first condition being defined based on a result of comparison between the plurality of beam measurement values and a sum of the minimum measurement value and a first offset; and in response to determining that the first condition satisfied, performing communication with at least part of the plurality of serving base stations and a first base station forming a first beam satisfying the first condition.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for providing multicasting services. In some examples, a method performed under control of a first user equipment may include receiving a first level of signal and a second level of signal from a base station during a first time slot and transmitting the second level of signal to a second user equipment during a second time slot.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for base station (BS) having at least one cell, includes: two or more antenna units to form antenna beams based on predetermined tilting angles for each of two or more different frequency bands with respect to the cell; and a tilting angle control unit to control tilting angles designated to the two or more antenna units, respectively, to be different from each other, so as to make coverages of the antenna beams of the two or more different frequency bands formed by the two or more antenna units different from each other with respect to the cell.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for base station (BS) having at least one cell, includes: two or more antenna units to form antenna beams based on predetermined tilting angles for each of two or more different frequency bands with respect to the cell; and a tilting angle control unit to control tilting angles designated to the two or more antenna units, respectively, to be different from each other, so as to make coverages of the antenna beams of the two or more different frequency bands formed by the two or more antenna units different from each other with respect to the cell.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for base station (BS) having at least one cell, includes: two or more antenna units to form antenna beams based on predetermined vertical tilting angles for each of two or more different frequency bands with respect to the cell; and a tilting angle control unit to control vertical tilting angles designated to the two or more antenna units, respectively, to be different from each other, so as to make coverages of the antenna beams of the two or more different frequency bands formed by the two or more antenna units different from each other with respect to the cell.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for providing multicasting services. In some examples, a method performed under control of a first user equipment may include receiving a first level of signal and a second level of signal from a base station during a first time slot and transmitting the second level of signal to a second user equipment during a second time slot.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for estimating an adaptive joint channel in a CDMA system based on TDD. The method includes the steps of a) receiving activity information of a mobile terminal; b) parsing the activity information, and transmitting a midamble sequence to the mobile terminal when a result of the parsing shows that the mobile terminal is in an ON state; c) conducting adaptive joint channel estimation by using the midamble sequence in the mobile terminal; and d) conducting adaptive joint detection by using a channel impulse response of the mobile terminal, obtained as a result of conducting the adaptive joint channel estimation. The method and system decreases the complexity in channel estimation and additionally increases the accuracy of channel estimation by reducing transmission power consumption and eliminating unnecessary interference.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for estimating an adaptive joint channel in a CDMA system based on TDD. The method includes the steps of a) receiving activity information of a mobile terminal; b) parsing the activity information, and transmitting a midamble sequence to the mobile terminal when a result of the parsing shows that the mobile terminal is in an ON state; c) conducting adaptive joint channel estimation by using the midamble sequence in the mobile terminal; and d) conducting adaptive joint detection by using a channel impulse response of the mobile terminal, obtained as a result of conducting the adaptive joint channel estimation. The method and system decreases the complexity in channel estimation and additionally increases the accuracy of channel estimation by reducing transmission power consumption and eliminating unnecessary interference.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of allocating channel codes for synchronous uplinks in a mobile communication system using a plurality of scrambling codes for the uplinks. This channel code allocating method, when a call is requested, searches for scrambling codes having at least one unused channel code, selects a foremost scrambling code among the found scrambling codes, and allocates an unused channel code in the selected scrambling code to the requested call, and, when a call is released, checks the number of channel codes and a scrambling code used by the released call, searches for active calls using another scrambling code posterior to the scrambling code the released call has used and not more channel codes than the number of the channel codes the released call has used, and re-allocates the channel codes and the scrambling code used by the released call to at least one active call if found.

Abstract: A method for assigning codes in an uplink of a synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) telecommunication system is disclosed. The method for assigning a code in a reverse channel of a synchronous wireless telecommunication system, comprising the steps of: a) at a mobile station, receiving time matching information of a scrambling code from a base station; b) at the mobile station, spreading data frame to be transmitted by an orthogonal code, thereby generating a spread data; and c) at the mobile station, multiplying the spread data by a scrambling code based on the time matching information of the scrambling code, thereby generating an encoded data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of allocating channel codes for synchronous uplinks in a mobile communication system using a plurality of scrambling codes for the uplinks. This channel code allocating method, when a call is requested, searches for scrambling codes having at least one unused channel code, selects a foremost scrambling code among the found scrambling codes, and allocates an unused channel code in the selected scrambling code to the requested call, and, when a call is released, checks the number of channel codes and a scrambling code used by the released call, searches for active calls using another scrambling code posterior to the scrambling code the released call has used and not more channel codes than the number of the channel codes the released call has used, and re-allocates the channel codes and the scrambling code used by the released call to at least one active call if found.

Abstract: A method for assigning codes in an uplink of a synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) telecommunication system is disclosed. The method for assigning a code in a reverse channel of a synchronous wireless telecommunication system, comprising the steps of: a) at a mobile station, receiving time matching information of a scrambling code from a base station; b) at the mobile station, spreading data frame to be transmitted by an orthogonal code, thereby generating a spread data; and c) at the mobile station, multiplying the spread data by a scrambling code based on the time matching information of the scrambling code, thereby generating an encoded data.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment method for processing wastewater containing hazardous matter is provided. The wastewater treatment method removes the hazardous matter by irradiating the electron beam into the wastewater. The wastewater treatment method adds various kinds of adsorbents into the wastewater according to the classes of the hazardous matters contained in the wastewater.