Abstract: A method of synthesis of .omega.-hydroxy fatty acid containing ceramides having the general structure (1). ##STR1## where A represents CH.sub.2 or --CH.dbd.CH--Y represents a residue of a C.sub.14 to C.sub.22 fatty acid having the structure (2) ##STR2## where Z is --OH or an epoxy oxygenx is an integer of from 12 to 20y is an integer of from 20 to 40z is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4a is an integer of from 8 to 50b is an integer of from 10 to 100and n is an integer of from 7 to 27.

Abstract: A liquid proof coated paperboard container having a flat top end closure which can be opened exposing a reclosable pouring spout, and having a unique closing arrangement including a central seal and a sealed hold down tab provided with a thumb notch release means.

Abstract: A high capacity, quiet burner for a hot air heating system for use in heating the top and bottom ends of a plastic coated carton, or the like, and which has a tubular burner body provided with a chamber therein which is open at an outlet end and enclosed at an inlet end. A burner nozzle is mounted in the burner body chamber adjacent the inlet end, and a mixture of primary air and fuel is conveyed into the burner nozzle and ignited by a spark plug. Secondary air under pressure is conveyed into the burner body chamber, for flow around the burner nozzle for heating the secondary air and for mixing the secondary air with combustion gases formed by the combustion of the mixture of primary air and fuel in the burner nozzle, and for subsequent discharge through the outlet end of the burner body chamber onto a carton end to be heated. The burner nozzle is provided with a screen pack for dividing the primary air and gas mixture into fine segments, and with a fiberglass filter means for reducing fluid flow noises.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming sealed joints by welding layers of thermoplastic coated paperboard together. One outer surface of the paperboard layers is placed in engagement with back-up means, and the opposite outer surface of the paperboard layers is engaged by vibrating means so that the thermoplastic coating of the paperboard is heated by the vibration to weld the layers together. The apparatus and method is particularly useful in forming sealed joints for paperboard cartons, such as milk cartons of the type shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,841. The vibrating means may be an ultrasonic transducer of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,526,792, for example.