Abstract: A tunable pneumatic fracturing system and process useable in some instances to extract oil and gas. Some embodiments provide a pneumatic fracturing tool with an elongated body that (a) contains (i) a propellant supply source intermediate opposed propellant gas discharge assemblies, (ii) a control system, and (iii) a communications port, and (b) has roller assemblies at opposed ends of the body. The tool can be tuned to provide gas pulse amplitudes and frequencies that react with the resonant frequency or other aspect of an adjacent earth formation. Some tool embodiments can variably sweep a rock formation and adjust the pressure pulse amplitude and frequency to disrupt the formation in a more productive manner. Some tools can penetrate vertical bore wells as well non-vertical bore wells. In some systems, the tool is transported and operated by a control truck and can be commanded to download operational data during or after use.

Abstract: A tunable pneumatic fracturing system and process useable in some instances to extract oil and gas. Some embodiments provide a pneumatic fracturing tool with an elongated body that (a) contains (i) a propellant supply source intermediate opposed propellant gas discharge assemblies, (ii) a control system, and (iii) a communications port, and (b) has roller assemblies at opposed ends of the body. The tool can be tuned to provide gas pulse amplitudes and frequencies that react with the resonant frequency or other aspect of an adjacent earth formation. Some tool embodiments can variably sweep a rock formation and adjust the pressure pulse amplitude and frequency to disrupt the formation in a more productive manner. Some tools can penetrate vertical bore wells as well non-vertical bore wells. In some systems, the tool is transported and operated by a control truck and can be commanded to download operational data during or after use.

Abstract: A propulsion system with a divergent-convergent nozzle is provided with variable thrust by a pintle whose position relative to the nozzle throat is controlled by an actuator that includes a rotor that external to, and encircling, the nozzle, and that is coupled to either the pintle or to the nozzle shell by a linkage that translates the rotary movement of the rotor into linear movement of either the pintle or the shell.

Abstract: Nozzles that offer shape variability to maintain or purposely change the pressure drop across the throat are obtained by constructing the nozzles with components that change their shape, angle, or curvature in response to temperature changes that occur during the flow of combustion products through the nozzle. The temperature change may be the gradual heating of the nozzle wall from hot combustion gases, and the shape change may result in a decrease in the throat diameter or an expansion of the throat diameter. A decrease in throat diameter will be useful when the depletion of propellant as burning proceeds causes a drop in the pressure or flow rate of the combustion gas and there is a need to compensate for this drop to maintain the pressure drop across the throat. An increase in throat diameter will be useful when an initial high thrust is no longer needed and depletion of the fuel by itself is insufficient to lower the thrust to its desired reduced level.

Abstract: A propulsion system with a divergent-convergent nozzle is provided with variable thrust by a pintle whose position relative to the nozzle throat is controlled by an actuator that includes a rotor that external to, and encircling, the nozzle, and that is coupled to either the pintle or to the nozzle shell by a linkage that translates the rotary movement of the rotor into linear movement of either the pintle or the shell.

Abstract: Nozzles that offer shape variability to maintain or purposely change the pressure drop across the throat are obtained by constructing the nozzles with components that change their shape, angle, or curvature in response to temperature changes that occur during the flow of combustion products through the nozzle. The temperature change may be the gradual heating of the nozzle wall from hot combustion gases, and the shape change may result in a decrease in the throat diameter or an expansion of the throat diameter. A decrease in throat diameter will be useful when the depletion of propellant as burning proceeds causes a drop in the pressure or flow rate of the combustion gas and there is a need to compensate for this drop to maintain the pressure drop across the throat. An increase in throat diameter will be useful when an initial high thrust is no longer needed and depletion of the fuel by itself is insufficient to lower the thrust to its desired reduced level.