Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of hazardous and waste materials of low heat content, for example, refuse, by means of combustion wherein the combustion process is carried out in a furnace by the presence of added hot combustion air at a temperature sufficient so that the combustion and/or flue gas temperatures are at least 1250.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the combustion process is combined with a process for the production of cement clinker and carried out parallel to the same, wherein air at about 800.degree. C. is branched off for combustion of the hazardous substances from the cooler air of the cement clinker installation and introduced into the furnace. The hot flue gas of the combustion in the furnace is directed into the cement clinker installation. The invention further contemplates that calcium-containing carbonate carriers can be added to the refuse.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for burning fine grained material, particularly for the manufacture of cement clinker whereby the product quality is enhanced. At least a portion of the exhaust gases from the kiln at a temperature of about 1000.degree. to 1300.degree. C. are cooled by passing them through a steam generator to a temperature of about 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. At least a portion of the noxious substances such as alkali chlorides and sulfur are condensed out of the gas stream as well as possibly some mineral particles such as partially deacidified kiln dust. The materials condensed out of the gas are separated in the steam generator by means of periodic or continuous cleaning of the heating surfaces of the steam generator. The steam which is generated in the generator is conducted to at least one prime mover such as a steam turbine or a steam motor for the purpose of producing electrical or mechanical energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for rapid burning of thermally pretreated, at least partially calcined fine grained product to produce cememt clinker which includes a thermal reactor having a firing chamber and means for introducing the product to be treated in concurrent flow with and in the area of a flame in the firing chamber. The means for introducing the product includes a vertical shaft which discharges into the firing chamber, together with a deflector which is disposed in the area of the discharge orifice of the shaft, the deflector serving to deflect the hot product which strikes the deflector with substantial kinetic energy due to the force of gravity. The product is broken up into small particles by impacting with the deflector, and is directed substantially parallel to the flame in the firing chamber. The deflector extends at an obtuse angle relative to the axis of the shaft. The apparatus can be connected to a fuel supply and can be utilized as a burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fine grained products, such as in the manufacture of cement clinker from raw cement meal wherein preheated, calcined meal is heated in a separate heating assembly to a temperature from approximately 900.degree. C. to approximately 1250.degree. C. and is then sintered into clinker in a burning assembly such as a rotary tubular kiln. The present invention provides a means for achieving a fast and uniform continuous heating in the heating assembly without reaching the critical temperature of melt phase formation and without danger of encrustations, the heat required for rapid heating being released in controlled amounts in the heating assembly, where it is immediately absorbed by the product, the heat being provided by a plurality of points of fuel introduction and/or combustion air introduction distributed over the heating assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fine grained products, such as raw cement meal, wherein the product is preheated in a preheating stage, calcined in a calcining stage, and is burned into clinker in a clinker stage followed by cooling in a cooling stage. The heating of the largely calcined product in the temperature range of about 900.degree. C. to the beginning of alite formation which occurs at approximately 1250.degree. C. is carried out under the fastest possible temperature rise conditions and the clinker reaction is carried out in concurrent flow with the gas stream in the burning stage. The clinker is then graded into a coarse grained fraction and a fine grained fraction which are then cooled in separate coolers after separation from the gas stream.