Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing novel reactive organic compounds containing poly-DOPO and having a higher phosphorus content than known comparable DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenenthrene-10-oxide) adducts, and to the use thereof for flameproofing thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides. The same flameproofing effect is achieved with smaller additive quantities than previously, thus reducing the influence of the physical, especially textile-physical properties of the polymers. The adducts containing poly-DOPO are formed by reacting DOPO with acetylenes carrying reactive groups, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing novel reactive organic compounds containing poly-DOPO and having a higher phosphorus content than known comparable DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenenthrene-10-oxide) adducts, and to the use thereof for flameproofing thermoplastic polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides. The same flameproofing effect is achieved with smaller additive quantities than previously, thus reducing the influence of the physical, especially textile-physical properties of the polymers. The adducts containing poly-DOPO are formed by reacting DOPO with acetylenes carrying reactive groups, in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: For production of a seamless edible cellulose tubing from underivatized cellulose, a solution of the underivatized cellulose in tertiary amine N-oxide, of additives and water, is extruded as tubing from an annular die and conducted through an air gap into a water bath. The cellulose tubing is conducted out of the water bath, cleaned by spraying with heated water and thereafter passed through at least two wash sections and a plasticizing section. After exit from the plasticizing section, the wet cellulose tubing is predried in the laid-flat state, before it is dried to its final moisture. The predryer 13 is arranged vertically or horizontally and consists of an insulated tube to which is fed air heated by a heat exchanger in an accurately metered amount and at a constant temperature of up to 130° C. The main dryer 19 is arranged horizontally and contains tangentially and radially directed air nozzles, the air jets of which keep the inflated cellulose tubing 20 suspended during the drying operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing and processing polyester block copolymers, in particular, polyester side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers. According to the invention, the monomeric units of rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers are, preferably in the melt, polycondensated together with monofunctionalized and/or difunctionalized, cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to form polymers having anhydride terminal and/or side groups. The formed polyester anhydrides are reacted with the hydroxyl groups and/or with the ester groups of meltable linear polyesters in order to form side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chained polymers and, together with meltable polyesters, they form molecularly reinforced blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to tubular, edible food casings which include cellulose, at least one protein and at least one filler in which the ratio of the wet tear strength in the transverse direction to the wet tear strength in the longitudinal direction is from 1.3:1 to 1:3.5. The casing is gathered to form a shirred stick which is particularly suitable for processing on high-speed stuffing machines. The sticks can be deshirred and stuffed with sausage meat emulsion without difficulty on the stuffing horn. The sticks are particularly suitable in the production of cooked-meat sausages and scalded-emulsion sausages and frying sausages, especially small sausages in which the casing is co-consumed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing shaped bodies, especially threads or foils, from at least one polymer of the groups consisting of polysaccharide, polysaccharide derivative or polyvinyl alcohol by forming a solution of the polymer that contains an additive in a solvent containing amine-N-oxide, extruding the solution and precipitating the extrudate by contacting with a coagulant. The invention is characterized in that at least two polymeric solutions are formed. At least one of the two polymeric solutions contains one or more finely distributed additives and the at least two polymeric solutions are simultaneously extruded forming a combined extrudate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an edible packaging film for foodstuffs, which contains cellulose, at least one protein and at least one filler. Bran, ground natural fibres, cotton linters, chitosan, guar meal, carob meal or micro-crystalline cellulose are preferably used as the fillers. The film is predominantly used to produce synthetic sausage casings.

Abstract: A seamless cellulose-based tubular film is produced by extruding an aqueous N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) spinning solution through a ring die. The tubular film comprises at least one protein, at least one filler and, if appropriate, a stabilizer. The tubular film passes through a spinning bath 3 in which it is turned around and, after its exit from the spinning bath it passes through a wash device 25, 26, a plasticizing device 27 and a dryer 28.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing NMMO-water mixture which collects in the interior of a tubular film which is produced by the NMMO process comprises a spinning vat and a wash vat. Between the two vats is situated a conveyor belt which circulates endlessly over two rollers. The conveyor belt is directed upward at an incline from the spinning vat to the wash vat. The tubular film, in the interior of the spinning vat, is passed vertically downward, then reversed and conducted vertically out of the spinning vat and passes over the inclined conveyor belt into the wash vat. Above the conveyor belt is situated a spray device having spraying nozzles from which wash liquid at a temperature between 60 and 80° C. is sprayed onto the tubular film which is transported via the conveyor belt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing proteinaceous shaped articles from globular proteins according to the NMMO method, and to proteinaceous shaped articles themselves that are made from globular proteins according to the NMMO method. According to the invention, a suspension consisting of aqueous NMMO and of these precrosslinked proteins is transferred into a spinning solution, whereby the suspension contains a polysaccharide and/or a polysaccharide is added to the extrusion solution. The spinning solution is extruded into a precipitation bath through a form tool and through an air gap. Afterwards, the shaped article is washed with an aqueous liquid without the use of solvents and is subsequently hardened using known crosslinking reactions. The produced solutions are processed for a diverse product-oriented processing, preferably on the basis of known wet and dry/wet spinning techniques, optionally in conjunction with multi-constituent spinning techniques.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing and processing polyester block copolymers, in particular, polyester side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers. According to the invention, the monomeric units of rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chain polymers are, preferably in the melt, polycondensated together with monofunctionalized and/or difunctionalized, cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to form polymers having anhydride terminal and/or side groups. The formed polyester anhydrides are reacted with the hydroxyl groups and/or with the ester groups of meltable linear polyesters in order to form side-chain grafted, rigid side-chain and/or semi-rigid side-chained polymers and, together with meltable polyesters, they form molecularly reinforced blends.

Abstract: Process for producing regular porous pearl cellulose with a particle size in the range from 2 to 1,000 &mgr;m, comprising the steps: a) a cellulose having a degree of polymerisation in the range from 150 to 2,000 is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution of 0.5 to 25% by mass, b) the cellulose solution is finely divided and dispersed in a dispersant which is immiscible with said solution and has a viscosity in the range from 10 to 80,000 mPa·s, c) the dispersed solution particles are solidified to regular pearl particles by precipitating with a liquid precipitating agent miscible with the solvent (1) after cooling the dispersion to below the melting temperature of the cellulose solution and separating the frozen particles of the cellulose solution from the dispersant or (2) directly in the dispersion, and d) the pearl particles are separated from the liquid mixture of solvent, precipitating agent and possibly dispersant.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of organophilic, swellable specially modified phyllosilicates in the production of nano-reinforced thermoplastic polymers, preferably polyamides, polyesters and polycarbonates. The inorganic phyllosilicate particles are bonded to or incorporated into the polymer in a covalent manner with nanodistribution. Special modification enables the phyllosilicates to be used as initiators in the case of polymerization or a chain elements in the case of condensation. The covalent bonding of the phyllosilicate particles to the polymer increases the stability of the reinforcing effect as opposed to an ionic bond. The special modification is performed for phyllosilicates which become hydrophobic as a result of cationic exchange. This property makes it possible for certain organic reaction partners to reach reactive groups present on the surface of the phyllosilicate and to react therewith on certain conditions.