Abstract: A steel piston (1) for a combustion engine, having an upper part in which a ring section (7) with at least one ring groove (8) is arranged, wherein the upper part is adjoined by a lower part that has two opposing skirt wall sections (2), wherein the two skirt wall sections (2) are connected via two mutually opposite case walls (3), wherein a pin bore (4) surrounded by a piston boss (6) is provided in each case wall (3). In one example, there is at least one aperture (14) or at least one recess in the case wall (3) in the region between the piston boss (6) and the skirt wall section (2).

Abstract: A piston, in particular, a gallery-cooled piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston bottom part and a piston upper part which are connected in a joining process to produce the piston. The piston upper part has at least one ring zone and an inner wall. The piston bottom part has a radially circumferential oblique surface at the end which faces the piston upper part. The oblique surface, interacting with the inner wall of the piston upper part, brings about a centering action during the joining process of the piston parts. A joining method for manufacturing a piston is also disclosed.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston upper part and a piston lower part having a cooling channel including at least one inlet opening. A dam-type elevation is formed in the region of the at least one inlet opening through forging of the dam elevation in the cooling channel portion in the piston lower part. In one example, a funnel-shaped inlet contour is formed in the inlet opening by pre-forging. In one example, a V-shaped element is formed in the piston upper part cooling chamber portion in alignment with the inlet opening and used as a coolant jet splitter.

Abstract: A steel piston (1) for a combustion engine, having an upper part in which a ring section (7) with at least one ring groove (8) is arranged, wherein the upper part is adjoined by a lower part that has two opposing skirt wall sections (2), wherein the two skirt wall sections (2) are connected via two mutually opposite case walls (3), wherein a pin bore (4) surrounded by a piston boss (6) is provided in each case wall (3). In one example, there is at least one aperture (14) or at least one recess in the case wall (3) in the region between the piston boss (6) and the skirt wall section (2).

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing an internal combustion engine piston having at least one cavity which is filled with an alkali metal cooling medium and is subsequently closed. The at least one cavity longitudinally extends from a central point into the piston body toward the piston circumference. The invention further discloses a piston produced according to the method.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston upper part and a piston lower part having a cooling channel including at least one inlet opening. A dam-type elevation is formed in the region of the at least one inlet opening through forging of the dam elevation in the cooling channel portion in the piston lower part. In one example, a funnel-shaped inlet contour is formed in the inlet opening by pre-forging. In one example, a V-shaped element is formed in the piston upper part cooling chamber portion in alignment with the inlet opening and used as a coolant jet splitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine having an upper part integrally joined to a lower part having a shaft and at least one pin bore. The upper part including a combustion chamber bowl recess and a piston crown with a crown edge. At least one joint is arranged in the region of a ring zone and in an outer wall of the combustion bowl recess, and the ratio of piston compression height (h1) and the diameter of the piston (d1) is less than 0.53.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing an internal combustion engine piston having at least one cavity which is filled with an alkali metal cooling medium and is subsequently closed. The at least one cavity longitudinally extends from a central point into the piston body toward the piston circumference. The invention further discloses a piston produced according to the method.

Abstract: A piston, in particular, a gallery-cooled piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston bottom part and a piston upper part which are connected in a joining process to produce the piston. The piston upper part has at least one ring zone and an inner wall. The piston bottom part has a radially circumferential oblique surface at the end which faces the piston upper part. The oblique surface, interacting with the inner wall of the piston upper part, brings about a centering action during the joining process of the piston parts. A joining method for manufacturing a piston is also disclosed.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine, configured as a gallery-cooled piston of two-piece construction includes a main body and a ring element. The ring element which has a ring zone and a fire land encloses a cooling gallery on the outside, which cooling gallery is delimited on the inside by an intermediate wall which separates the cooling gallery from a combustion chamber recess which is made in a piston head of the main body. The main body and the ring element together form two circumferential dividing planes which are offset with respect to one another, to which end in each case two interacting joining webs of the ring element and of the main body are connected with a material-to-material bond.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine having an upper part joined by a positive material connection to a lower part, wherein the lower part includes a skirt and at least one pin bore, wherein the upper part includes a combustion bowl and a piston crown with a crown edge, wherein at least one joining point is located in the area of a ring belt and/or in an outer wall of the combustion bowl. A method for producing a piston for internal combustion engines is disclosed.

Abstract: A piston, in particular, a gallery-cooled piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston bottom part and a piston upper part which are connected in a joining process to produce the piston. The piston upper part has at least one ring zone and an inner wall. The piston bottom part has a radially circumferential oblique surface at the end which faces the piston upper part. The oblique surface, interacting with the inner wall of the piston upper part, brings about a centering action during the joining process of the piston parts. A joining method for manufacturing a piston is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston (1) for an internal internal combustion engine, configured as a gallery-cooled piston of two-piece construction which comprises a main body (2) and a ring element (3). The ring element (2) which has a ring zone (18) and a fire land (17) encloses a cooling gallery (15) on the outside, which cooling gallery (15) is delimited on the inside by an intermediate wall (16) which separates the cooling gallery (15) from a combustion-chamber recess (12) which is made in a piston head (10) of the main body (2). The main body (2) and the ring element (3) together form two circumferential dividing planes (4a, 5a) which are offset with respect to one another, to which end in each case two interacting joining webs (6a, 6b; 7a, 7b) of the ring element (3) and of the main body (2) are connected with a material-to-material bond.

Abstract: The invention proposes a process for error recovery in electronic control devices as well as apparatus for controlling the steering angle of the rear wheels of a motor vehicle. The control device controls an actuating member to which is connected a safety device. In the main operation of the control device, transmitter signals are detected, actuating values are calculated and the actuating member is controlled corresponding to the calculated values. The calculated actuating values and the detected transmitter signals are checked for consistency. On the basis of the checked values, a decision is made as to whether to continue running the main program or resort to one of two emergency measures. In the first emergency measure, the safety device is activated and the control of the actuating member is switched off. In the second emergency measure, the signals of transmitters continue to be detected and actuating values are calculated from these signals.

Abstract: A brake control system has a controller (52, 53, 54) including hysteresis. To prevent over-shoot of control operation if a comparison between actual braking pressure (P.sub.act) and commanded pressure (P.sub.com) is applied to control valves which, for example, operate pneumatically, so that the brakes will not instantaneously respond, a difference pressure threshold (.DELTA.P.sub.G) is determined and, when the difference pressure level is passed by the difference pressure signal, the valves are controlled to operate in pulse operation, in which each pressure pulse (T.sub.E) is followed by a quieting or pressure-OFF time (T.sub.BER). The pulse sequence and the timing of pulses and pulse gaps is controllable in accordance with pressure levels, operating parameters, pressure difference levels and the like.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which permits instant-heat cathodes for color-picture tubes to be formed in a single process step and avoids the formation of an activated barium-oxide deposit on the grid cylinder. This is achieved by alternately switching the heater current on and off with the operating voltages applied, the heater voltage and the "on" and "off" periods of the heater current being chosen so that, averaged over the "on" and "off" periods, the rated heating power and the rated power dissipation are maintained during the formation process, and that, when the temperature of the emitting material decreases during the "off" periods, no saturation of the electrode currents occurs.

Abstract: A chassis for a vehicle with variable undercarriage geometry comprises a cross-frame member extending between and interconnecting undercarriage support beams which are provided with vehicle propulsion means, the cross-frame member including means permitting a change of its length so as to provide for adjustment of the track width of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle with a variable undercarriage geometry has two elongated undercarriage support beams which are pivotally supported at one end at opposite sides of a vehicle body by means of pivot motors connected to the vehicle body and extending into and pivotally supporting the support beams, the pivot motors being operatively connected to the support beams through reduction gear units for pivoting the support beams and drive motors are disposed at the free ends of the support beams and have drive wheels rotatably supported on their housings and operatively connected to the drive motor for the propulsion of the vehicle, both pivot and drive motors being disposed essentially within the outlines of said undercarriages.

Abstract: To achieve an optimum reduction of the warmup time of a Wehnelt cathode, by maintaining a good efficiency, it is proposed to use as a cathode a triode system arranged within the usual cathode sleeve, with the inside of the base plate, on the outside of which the electron-emitting layer is deposited, serving as the anode, so that the electron-emitting layer is heated by the anode dissipation of the triode system.

Abstract: In a single gun, horizontal stripe color picture tube, including a deflection system for scanning a single beam across groups of horizontal strips coated on a screen, chromaticity of colors to be produced is determined by position of the beam spot within a stripe-group and by the beam current. A vertical, comb-shaped electrode having teeth aligned with groups of strips is mounted along at least one vertical edge of the screen, outside the optically used area of the screen. Means are coupled to the electrode for producing a control signal having a magnitude determined by the displacement of the beam from a desired vertical position relative to the teeth of the electrode which control signal is applied to the deflection system for correcting the displacement.