Abstract: A spark-ignition internal combustion engine has an air intake tract for supplying fresh air to a combustion chamber of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine, an exhaust tract for discharging exhaust gases from the combustion chamber, and a urea introduction device having a urea injection nozzle for introducing an aqueous urea solution into the combustion chamber. The urea injection nozzle is disposed in the combustion chamber or upstream of the combustion chamber in relation to an air flow from the air intake tract into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A spark-ignition internal combustion engine has an air intake tract for supplying fresh air to a combustion chamber of the spark-ignition internal combustion engine, an exhaust tract for discharging exhaust gases from the combustion chamber, and a urea introduction device having a urea injection nozzle for introducing an aqueous urea solution into the combustion chamber. The urea injection nozzle is disposed in the combustion chamber or upstream of the combustion chamber in relation to an air flow from the air intake tract into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A drive train for vehicles is provided, having an internal-combustion engine, to which a flange of a transmission housing is flangedly connected. A crankshaft of the internal-combustion engine is connected by way of an intermediate element with a drive flange of a torque converter of the transmission arranged in the area of the flange. The drive flange of the torque converter is screwed to the intermediate element via several connecting screws arranged in a distributed manner along a circumference of the intermediate element. Viewed from the transmission in the direction of the internal-combustion engine, the connecting screws are screwed at an angle diagonally toward the interior into the intermediate element. The intermediate element has a central part, which is made of spring steel, is elastic in the manner of a cup spring, and has several radially projecting spring arms.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled internal combustion engine has cylinder banks that tilt toward one another, to for a V engine. A coolant, which is fed to the exhaust gas-sided cooling jackets in the cylinder banks, is fed over cylinder heads with cross flow to cooling jackets. The coolant drains over break-throughs in the cylinder bank boundaries into an outflow line in the V-space. The outflow line and the inflow line are connected to a coolant pump. The coolant is fed from the inflow line over distribution channels at a housing end to the exhaust gas-sided cooling jackets.