Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Reaction products of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins having an average degree of polymerization P of from 5 to 100 and oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen are used as additives for fuels, in particular for fuels for gasoline engines.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyisobutenes having an average degree of polymerization P of from 10 to 100 and a content E of from 60 to 90% of double bonds which can react with maleic anhydride, E=100% corresponding to the theoretical value for the case where each molecule of the polyisobutene has such a reactive double bond, with oxides of nitrogen or mixtures of oxides of nitrogen and oxygen, are suitable as additives for fuels, in particular for gasoline engines, and for lubricants.

Abstract: The preparation of .alpha.-carbonylphosphine oxides by oxidizing an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl phosphine oxide with an organic hydroperoxide or of an organic peroxy acid in the presence of a compound of a Group IV to Group VIII metal in the periodic table, and novel .alpha.-hydroxybenzyl phosphine oxides. .alpha.-Carbonylphosphine oxides are used as photoinitiators for polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: The preparation of .alpha.-carbonylphosphine oxides by oxidizing an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl phosphine oxide with an organic hydroperoxide or of an organic peroxy acid in the presence of a compound of a Group IV to Group VIII metal in the periodic table, and novel .alpha.-hydroxybenzyl phosphine oxides..alpha.-Carbonylphosphine oxides are used as photoinitiators for polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: A process of preparing symmetric C.sub.40 -carotenoids by reacting a C.sub.15 -triphenylphosphonium salt of the formula ##STR1## and a 2,5-bis(1,1-dialkoxy-2-propyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran to form a reaction product containing a diacetyl and a triphenylphosphonium salt, adding a strong base to the reaction product to convert the triphenylphosphonium salt to a carbenium ion, hydrolyzing the diacetyl to a dialdehyde, subjecting the dialdehyde and the carbenium ion to a Wittig reaction to prepare a Wittig reaction product, and converting the Wittig reaction product to the C.sub.40 -carotenoid by acid treatment.

Abstract: 2,5-bis(1,1-dialkoxy-2-propyl)-2,5-dihydrofurans of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be identical or different and can be alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, the preparation thereof by reaction of 2,5-dialkoxy-2,5-dihydrofurans of the formula II ##STR2## In the presence of protic acids or Lewis acids with an alkyl propenyl ether of the formula III ##STR3## and the use thereof for preparing 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial and symmetric C.sub.40 -carotenoids such as .beta.-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are described.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofuran derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where n is from 2 to 70, X is the bridge member --NH-- or --O-- and R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or various radicals.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of cis-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-(halophenyl)-3-(halophenyl)oxirane I ##STR1## by epoxidizing Z-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-(halophenyl)-1-halophenyl)propene II, ##STR2## where halogen is in each case fluorine, chlorine or bromine, which comprises reacting the crude product of the epoxidation with one or more reducing agents, which are added to the reaction mixture in a considerable excess over the amount necessary to destroy any peroxide compounds present.

Abstract: Poly(1,4-butanediol-.omega.,.omega.'-mercaptans) have the general formulaHS--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --O--[(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --O].sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --SH Iwhere n is from 1 to 150.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkoxy ketones of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.30 -cycloalkylakyl, C.sub.9 -C.sub.30 -alkylcycloalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy-, halogen-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy-, phenyl-, phenoxy-, halophenyl-, halophenoxy- and/or cyano-substituted aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl or heterocyclyl,R.sup.2 is also ##STR2## R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -arylalkyl, or together are an unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 -alkyl- substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 -alkylene chain andR.sup.5 is R.sup.1 or together with R.sup.1 is an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl-substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofuran derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where n is from 2 to 70, X is the bridge member --NH-- or --O-- and R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or various radicals.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofuran ethers of the formulaR.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 ].sub.n O--R.sup.2 Iwhere n is a number from 3 to 70, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrocarbon radicals containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms and a double bond, but where R.sup.2 may alternatively be hydrogen.

Abstract: N-Oxoazolylmethyloxiranes of the formula I ##STR1## where A and B are identical or different and each is alkyl, cycloalkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, norbornyl, naphthyl, biphenyl or phenyl, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted, and X is CH or N, and fungicides and bioregulators containing them.

Abstract: Polyethercarboxylic esters of the formula ##STR1## where Alk is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R is hydrogen or methyl and n is from 3 to 70.

Abstract: Benzyl ketones of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cycloalkyl or aryl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -methylenedioxy, are prepared by a process in which a glycol monoether of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings and R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, is converted in the presence of silica, a phosphate or a zeolite at from 50.degree. to 500.degree. C. and under from 0.01 to 50 bar.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --CH.dbd.CH--R.sup.2 Iwhere R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.2 is alkoxy or acylamino, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together may form a heterocyclic ring, are prepared by elimination of the radical R.sup.3 OH from a compound of the formula II ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meanings and R.sup.3 is alkyl, by a method in which the elimination is carried out by passing the compound of the formula II in a liquid or gaseous state into a high-boiling mineral oil above the boiling point of compound I being formed, compound I is taken off in gaseous form, and the high-boiling mineral oil enriched with by-products is removed and replaced with fresh mineral oil.

Abstract: Alkylated dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical and each is hydrogen or methyl are prepared by reacting alkylated 2-hydroxydecahydronaphthalene-1-ethanol of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, with a sulfonyl chloride in the presence of basic catalysts by performing the cyclization in the presence of concentrated aqueous alkali metal hydroxides and a phase transfer catalyst, preferably a tetra-substituted ammonium or phosphonium salt, the sulfonyl chloride used preferably comprising a sulfonyl chloride of the general formula IIIR.sub.3 -SO.sub.2 Clwhere R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or phenyl which may be substituted in the para position by methyl, chlorine, bromine or nitro.

Abstract: .alpha.,.beta.-Diaminoacrylonitriles of the general formula IR.sup.3 R.sup.2 NC(R.sup.1).dbd.C(NR.sup.2 R.sup.3)CN Iwhere R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and independently of one another are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or a heterocyclic radical, and the organic radicals R.sup.2 may furthermore be bonded to one another to form a 6-membered or 7-membered ring, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be bonded to one another to form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring, are prepared by reacting an .alpha.-dicarbonyl compound R.sup.1 COCHO, or a reactive derivative of this with (a) a salt of sulfurous acid or sulfur dioxide, (b) an amine HNR.sup.2 R.sup.3 or an aliphatic diamine R.sup.3 HN-(CH.sub.2).sub.n NHR.sub.3 where n is 2 or 3 and (c) hydrocyanic acid or a hydrocyanic acid donor in any sequence.