Abstract: In order to reduce the weight and manufacturing cost of a piston for a hydraulic actuating cylinder, the piston, the piston rod and the external reinforcement cap are combined to form a unitary integral part. The unitary part is advantageously a single extrusion product. The piston is shaped so as to be able both to slide along the length of the inner cylinder wall, and to tilt upon deflection or lateral displacement of the piston rod in the bore of the cylinder, while still maintaining its hydraulic seal.

Abstract: A master cylinder for use on a hydraulically actuated clutch or brake system of a motor vehicle, or for the like uses. The master cylinder comprises a cylindrical housing, and a piston which is axially displaceable along the housing, a piston rod in the housing. The piston rod is connected with the piston to be movable together free of play, but they are swingable with respect to each other, whereby the piston rod may swing with respect to the piston in the housing. The connection between the piston and the piston rod comprises a generally ball shaped head on the piston rod, which is held between partial shells in the housing which are shaped to partially surround and form lock to the piston rod head. The piston has a neck with receiving grooves in it. The partial shells have projections which engage in the grooves in the neck. A tubular piston-shaft sleeve in the housing is axially shiftable in the housing and is fastened to the piston.

Abstract: A vacuum breaking-force booster has a sequential control valve without a response path. First and second pressure chambers are separated by a diaphragm with a diaphragm disk in it and the diaphragm disk is connected with a shaft that supports a radially inward valve seat which presses against a spring biased sealing disk. Communication between the first and second chambers is past the inner valve seat. A shiftable sleeve extends through the lid of the first of the chambers and includes a collar which engages the inside of the lid for determining the maximum extend the sleeve can move out of the lid. A pressure piston extends through the sleeve. A bridge connects the sleeve with the pressure piston for moving together. An elastomeric bellows attaches the sealing disk to the sleeves and the pressure piston; the outer valve seat is defined on the sleeve for engaging the sealing disk. A spring normally urges the sealing disk toward both of the valve seats.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable pressure modulator in which a lever mechanism provides a transmission ratio which varies over the stroke of the pressure relief piston, so as to minimize the lateral forces acting on the pressure relief piston and its guides, in both the pressure relief phase and the reloading phase of pressure modulation.

Abstract: A pressure modulator device in which a lever mechanism with variable transmission ratio is employed to minimize the lateral forces acting on the pressure relief piston and its guides during the stroke of the piston, in both the unloading and the reloading phases of pressure relief.

Abstract: A brake pressure regulator for hydraulic brake systems of vehicles, which controls the required braking pressure on the rear axle as a function of the distribution of the axial load, in such a manner that no overbraking of the rear axle takes place. The regulator comprises an actuating piston for receiving an input brake pressure and in response generating a first force; a spring beam and a support for engaging the spring beam, the spring beam being adjustable in response to the vehicle load distribution for receiving the first force and in response generating a second force related to such vehicle load distribution according to a predetermined function corresponding to a degressive curve, the spring beam and the support being shaped to determine the predetermined function; and a control piston for receiving the second force and in response generating an output brake pressure.