Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for monitoring the quality of water, said process comprising a first heated zone, means for introducing at least a portion of said water into said first heated zone, means for gently evaporating at least part of the water in the first heated zone and passing the vapor into and through a second heated zone, means for maintaining the temperature of said second heated zone in the range of from about 450.degree. to about 1000.degree. C., means for collecting and condensing vapor from said second heated zone to condensed liquid water and means for measuring the electrical impedance of at least a portion of said condensed liquid water.

Abstract: An apparatus containing a multiplicity of three chamber units comprising a combination of ion exchange membranes and bipolar membranes with certain of said chambers containing a fluid permeable filler of ion-exchange material. The apparatus can be used in a process to remove weakly ionized gases from fluid mixtures.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for monitoring the quality of water, said apparatus comprising a first heated zone, means for introducing at least a portion of said water into said first heated zone, means for gently evaporating at least part of the water in the first heated zone and passing the vapor into and through a second heated zone, means for maintaining the temperature of said second heated zone in the range of from about 450.degree. to about 1000.degree. C., means for collecting and condensing vapor from said second heated zone to condensed liquid water and means for measuring the electrical impedance of at least a portion of said condensed liquid water.

Abstract: An apparatus containing a multiplicity of two or three chamber units comprising a combination of ion exchange membranes and bipolar membranes with certain of said chambers containing a filler of ion-exchange material. The apparatus can be used to remove weakly ionized substances such as silica from water. The three chamber unit can be further used to pretreat (acidify) water prior to treatment of the water in an electrodialysis or electrodeionization stack.

Abstract: A cell for electrically controlled drug delivery into and through the skin consisting of a source of current, an electrode, and a drug reservoir in which a drug is bound by an ion exchange medium or an immobilized ligand affinity medium. An additional ion reservoir may be interposed between the electrode and the drug reservoir and semi-permeable membranes are employed as barriers between the various components of the device as required.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the anodic life of an electrode in an electrodialysis stack which electrode comprises at least in part an area which is anodic during at least part of the duty time of said stack, which stack also comprises an electrode compartment (chamber, cell, space) containing said electrode, a counter-electrode in a counter-electrode compartment and interior compartments between said electrode compartment and said counter-electrode compartment, which method and apparatus comprises:(a) introducing into said electrode compartment (and means therefor) a solution capable of forming a film on said area which is anodic during at least part of the operating time of said stack, which film is characterized by being electronically conducting and substantially refractory anodically, and(b) causing a film derived at least in part from said solution to be formed on said area which is anodic during at least part of the duty time of said stack (and means therefor) said film characterize

Abstract: An electrode reversal system for an electrodialysis cell is disclosed in which acidic anolyte produced in the anode chamber is collected and simultaneously recirculated through both the anode and cathode chambers. The cathode effluent is removed from the cell and on reversal of electrical polarity, the hydraulic flow paths to and from the chambers are reversed.