Abstract: A laser-optical surveying system comprising a leveling system which uses a surveyor's rod wherein a laser beam rotates in a horizontal plane and is adapted to strike a surveyor's rod. The surveyor's rod is equipped with a coding representing the length, that is, in the case of a leveling system, representing the altitude, which can be read with the laser light so that an optical signal representing the altitude is generated when the laser beam passes the rod. The latter is then converted to an electronic signal and serves, when electronically processed, for displaying the height of the laser beam on the surveyor's rod.

Abstract: The function of the insulating film in MIS and SIS solar cells can also be fulfilled by a semiconductor with a sufficiently large energy gap. The doping of the quasi insulating layer guarantees good fill factors and short-circuit current densities also at a relatively high film thickness. For cadmium selenide solar cells with a quasi insulating film made of zinc selenide, copper is preferably used as a doping material.