Abstract: An application service provider provides wireless access to a packetized data network, such as the Internet. The application service provider includes a server computer. The server computer is connected to the network, which is at least in part a wired network. The wired network is connected to a cellular wireless communications system. Data is communicated over the network, both wired and wireless, via OSI models, for example, according to TCP/IP protocols or specialized variants. A wireless device, such as a modern-equipped laptop computer or personal digital assistant, a web-enabled telephone, or the like, is communicatively connected to the cellular wireless communications system. The application service provider can maintain a website, including targeted content, on the server computer for access by the wireless device.

Abstract: A diffusion barrier stack is formed by forming a layer comprising a metal over a conductor that includes copper; and forming a first dielectric layer over the layer, wherein the dielectric layer is of a thickness that alone it can not serve as a diffusion barrier layer to the conductor and the first dielectric layer prevents oxidation of the layer. In one embodiment, the diffusion barrier stack includes two layers; the first layer is a conductive layer and the second layer is a dielectric layer. The diffusion barrier stack minimizes electromigration and copper diffusion from the conductor.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a metal plating tank is provided herein. In accordance with the method, the tank is exposed to a first acid (103), after which the tank is exposed to a second acid in the presence of a first oxidizing agent (107).

Abstract: A method for cleaning a metal plating tank is provided herein. In accordance with the method, the tank is exposed to a first acid (103), after which the tank is exposed to a second acid in the presence of a first oxidizing agent (107).

Abstract: An application service provider provides wireless access to a packetized data network, such as the Internet. The application service provider includes a server computer. The server computer is connected to the network, which is at least in part a wired network. The wired network is connected to a cellular wireless communications system. Data is communicated over the network, both wired and wireless, via OSI models, for example, according to TCP/IP protocols or specialized variants. A wireless device, such as a modern-equipped laptop computer or personal digital assistant, a web-enabled telephone, or the like, is communicatively connected to the cellular wireless communications system. The application service provider can maintain a website, including targeted content, on the server computer for access by the wireless device.

Abstract: An application service provider provides wireless access to a packetized data network, such as the Internet. The application service provider includes a server computer. The server computer is connected to the network, which is at least in part a wired network. The wired network is connected to a cellular wireless communications system. Data is communicated over the network, both wired and wireless, via OSI models, for example, according to TCP/IP protocols or specialized variants. A wireless device, such as a modem-equipped laptop computer or personal digital assistant, a web-enabled telephone, or the like, is communicatively connected to the cellular wireless communications system. The application service provider can maintain a website, including targeted content, on the server computer for access by the wireless device.

Abstract: A method for making a semiconductor device includes cleaning a semiconductor wafer after a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process to remove or reduce particles of copper, a corrosion inhibitor such as triazole, and a copper oxide layer on the copper layer. In order to prepare for plating the copper layer with a layer that functions as a barrier to copper migration or diffusion, the surface of the copper layer and the dielectric layer are treated with an oxidant, a surfactant, and copper-chelating agent. The copper-chelating is preferably a mild acid such as an organic acid. The oxidant is particularly useful in removing the corrosion inhibitor. The barrier layer, preferably conductive, is then plated on the surface of the copper layer. Subsequent interlayer dielectric layers and copper layers follow that can use the same process.

Abstract: A diffusion barrier stack is formed by forming a layer comprising a metal over a conductor that includes copper; and forming a first dielectric layer over the layer, wherein the dielectric layer is of a thickness that alone it can not serve as a diffusion barrier layer to the conductor and the first dielectric layer prevents oxidation of the layer. In one embodiment, the diffusion barrier stack includes two layers; the first layer is a conductive layer and the second layer is a dielectric layer. The diffusion barrier stack minimizes electromigration and copper diffusion from the conductor.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a drug regimen for a patient that considers both pharmacokinetic and drug resistance testing information to reduce the probability that a drug will become ineffective during treatment due to viral susceptibility to infection. The system uses multiple concentration-time curves to determine trough levels for a drug or drugs, which can be used to determine an appropriate drug regimen for the patient.

Abstract: An application service provider provides wireless access to a packetized data network, such as the Internet. The application service provider includes a server computer. The server computer is connected to the network, which is at least in part a wired network. The wired network is connected to a cellular wireless communications system. Data is communicated over the network, both wired and wireless, via OSI models, for example, according to TCP/IP protocols or specialized variants. A wireless device, such as a modem-equipped laptop computer or personal digital assistant, a web-enabled telephone, or the like, is communicatively connected to the cellular wireless communications system. The application service provider can maintain a website, including targeted content, on the server computer for access by the wireless device.

Abstract: A method of communications over a network is specially adapted for improved transmission performance with reduced bandwidth requirements in communications networks which are low quality or have widely varied physical channel performance, for example, wireless networks. The method includes steps of packetizing a payload into a series of data packets, inserting header packets at the beginning, middle, and towards the end of the series, transmitting the series, together with the header packets, receiving at least some of the data packets of the series and at least one of the header packets, and sending an acknowledgement. The acknowledgement is either that all data packets and at least one header packet were received; that not all data packets were received and at least one header packet was received; or that some data packets were received, but no header packet was received.

Abstract: A method of communications over a network is specially adapted for improved transmission performance with reduced bandwidth requirements in communications networks which are low quality or have widely varied physical channel performance, for example, wireless networks. The method includes steps of packetizing a payload into a series of data packets, inserting header packets at the beginning, middle, and towards the end of the series, transmitting the series, together with the header packets, receiving at least some of the data packets of the series and at least one of the header packets, and sending an acknowledgement. The acknowledgement is either that all data packets and at least one header packet were received; that not all data packets were received and at least one header packet was received; or that some data packets were received, but no header packet was received.

Abstract: A method for electroplating a copper layer (118) over a wafer (20) powers a cathode of an electroplating system (10) in a manner that obtains improved copper interconnects. A control system (34) powers the cathode of the system (10) with a mix of two or more of: (i) positive low-powered DC cycles (201 or 254); (ii) positive high-powered DC cycles (256 or 310); (iii) low-powered, pulsed, positive-power cycles (306 or 530); (iv) high-powered, pulsed, positive-powered cycles (212, 252, 302, or 352); and/or (v) negative pulsed cycles (214, 304, 510, 528, or 532). The collection of these cycles functions to electroplate copper or a like metal (118) onto the wafer (20). During electroplating, insitu process control and/or endpointing (506, 512, or 520) is performed to further improve the resulting copper interconnect.

Abstract: A remote viewing system is for viewing digital images of remote locations. The viewing system includes a plurality of digital image acquisition devices. The devices are located at remote locations. The system also includes a plurality of digital image transmission devices connected to respective ones of the digital image acquisition devices. A digital image receiving device is communicatively connected to each of the digital image transmission devices. A digital image server device is connected to the digital image receiving device. The digital image server device is connected to a network, such as the Internet. A network-enabled computer can access select ones of the digital images over the network. The digital image receiving device and the digital image server device cooperate to make available to the network-enabled computer the select ones of the digital images for download from the network.