Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for using an olefin as an azeotropic entrainer to isolate a target organic compound from a waste stream. The olefin may be, for example, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, or 1-tetradecene. The target organic compound may be 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in waste stream comprising a 2,2?-oxybis(1-chloropropane).

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate. The crystalline solid forms may be used in various pharmaceutical compositions, and are particularly effective for the prevention and/or treatment of conditions associated with blood lipid deposition in a mammal, particularly those diseases related to Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate.

Abstract: Provided are new anionic surfactants and methods of their preparation and use. The surfactants are compounds of the formula I: wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate. The crystalline solid forms may be used in various pharmaceutical compositions, and are particularly effective for the prevention and/or treatment of conditions associated with blood lipid deposition in a mammal, particularly those diseases related to Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate. The crystalline solid forms may be used in various pharmaceutical compositions, and are particularly effective for the prevention and/or treatment of conditions associated with blood lipid deposition in a mammal, particularly those diseases related to Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate.

Abstract: A process including contacting one or more Strecker sulfonation reaction products of one or more halogenated alkyl ethers in the presence of sulfite with one or more polar water soluble organic solvents selected from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, the C2-C5 alkyl alcohols, and the like, to form an extraction mixture; allowing the extraction mixture to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase; and separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase; wherein the one or more Strecker sulfonation reaction products each comprise at least 30 percent by weight of one or more inorganic salts and the organic phase following separation comprises less than 20 percent by weight of one or more inorganic salts, is provided.

Abstract: Cationic surfactants of formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, X and n are as defined are useful in a variety of applications, including in cleaners, detergents and personal care products, particularly shampoos and conditioners.

Abstract: Provided are new functionalized surfactants and methods of their preparation and use. The surfactants are compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided are new anionic surfactants and methods of their preparation and use. The surfactants are compounds of the formula I: wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Phenolic glycol ethers, e.g., ethylene glycol phenyl ether, are prepared by a continuous, nonaqueous process comprising the steps of (A) contacting under isothermal reactive conditions in a first reactor or reaction zone an alkylene oxide, e.g., ethylene oxide, with (i) a stoichiometric molar excess of a phenolic compound, e.g., phenol, and (ii) a catalytic amount of a base, e.g., sodium hydroxide, homogeneously dispersed throughout the phenolic compound, to form a first intermediate phenolic glycol ether product, (Bj transferring the first intermediate phenolic glycol ether product to a second reactor or reaction zone, and (C) subjecting the first intermediate phenolic glycol ether product to adiabatic reactive conditions in the second reactor or reaction zone to form a second intermediate phenolic glycol ether product comprising phenolic glycol ether, unreacted phenolic compound, catalyst, water and byproduct glycols.

Abstract: A process for making an amino acid by the steps of: (a) contacting a compound of formula I with a hydroformylation catalyst and synthesis gas to produce a mixture of aldehyde compounds comprising the formulas IIa, IIb and IIc; (b) reacting the mixture of aldehyde compounds from step (a) to produce a mixture of derivative compounds; (c) contacting the mixture of derivative compounds from step (b) with an enantioselective hydrolase enzyme in the presence of water to produce an L-amino acid having the formula IV; (d) isolating the amino acid having the formula IV in substantially pure form, wherein in formulas I, IIa, IIb, IIc, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc and IV, R is H, alkyl or aryl and R1 and R2 are the same or different alkyl groups and wherein R1 and R2 may be fused.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward novel high molecular weight and high purity mPEG alcohol compositions as well as a process for obtaining said compositions by removing PEG diols from the mPEG alcohol after polymerization is complete.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for the etherification of olefins with alcohols. According to one aspect, a heterogeneous etherification catalyst is used under conditions that permit limiting the contact time between the desired product and the catalyst, thereby mitigation reverse reactions. According to a second aspect, a recycling process is used that significantly increases the yield of desired product.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of an advanced synthetic intermediate of ACE inhibitors. In one aspect, the present invention is based on a novel process for the preparation of an aldehyde of formula (I), wherein (N)PrG is a protected amino group, R is an alkyl or aralkyl group and X1-4 are each independently H or a non-reacting substituent, which comprises hydroformylation of an ?-olefin of formula (II), by reaction with syngas (CO/H2) in the presence of, as catalyst, a group VII transition metal complex of a phosphorus-containing ligand. Aldehyde (I), the product of linear hydroformylation, is formed in preference to aldehyde (III). In another aspect of the invention, ?-olefin (II) is a novel composition. The process to convert (II) to (I) enables an efficient manufacturing route to MDL 28,726 and analogues.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate. The crystalline solid forms may be used in various pharmaceutical compositions, and are particularly effective for the prevention and/or treatment of conditions associated with blood lipid deposition in a mammal, particularly those diseases related to Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The invention also relates to a method for preventing or treating Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia in a mammal comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline solid and amorphous forms of (?)-halofenate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an enantiomerically enriched ?-(phenoxy)phenylacetic acid compound of the formula (I): from its enantiomeric mixture, where R1 is alkyl or haloalkyl R7 is heteroalkyl and X is halide.

Abstract: A process for making substituted polyethylene glycol compound. The compound has the formula RO(C2H40)nH wherein R represents a C1–7 hydrocarbon group and n represents the average number of moles of C2H40 groups, ranging from 500 to 2000. The compound has a ratio of weight average molecular weight to a number average molecular weight in the range of from 1 to 1.1. The compound contains less than ten weight percent polyethylene glycol. The gist of the process is the use of a polyether solvent, wherein the n value of the compound ranges from 600 to 2000.

Abstract: The method of the invention comprises a process for synthesizing a trans-calanolide A ketone intermediate used in the synthesis of racemic trans-calanolide A. The invention further comprises a method for removing a racemic calanolide B diastereomer from a mixture of calanolide A and calanolide B diastereomers formed in the last step of the synthesis of calanolide A by crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for the preparation of (R)-&agr;-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinemethanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for the preparation of (R)-&agr;-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinemethanol.