Abstract: An aqueous slurry of comminuted oil shale containing pyritic sulfur is contacted with an oxidizing gas under wet oxidation conditions to produce a product mixture containing treated oil shale solids, and a liquid portion. Hydrocarb=onaceous liquid is recovered from the product mixture.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from coal using a ferric solution wherein iron loss by precipitation of insoluble iron compounds is controlled by regulation of the hydrogen ion concentration of the reaction slurry. The pH or other measurable condition at which the process is at least self-sustaining with respect to ferric ions is determined for a particular coal sample. The reaction slurry is monitored for changes in the chosen condition which signal a loss of iron from solution, and acid is automatically added as needed to prevent iron precipitation or to return precipitated iron to solution.

Abstract: Ethylene and/or propylene is dimerized by contacting the monoolefin with a catalyst formed by depositing a nickel complex such as bis(3-picoline)dichloronickel or bis(tributylphosphine)dichloronickel on a solid support such as silica-alumina. Preferably, an aluminum compound such as diethylaluminum chloride is also used in preparing the catalyst.