Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stepped spacer wafer for a wafer-level camera includes a step of measuring a plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N of a respective one of a plurality of lenses L1,2, . . . , N of a lens wafer. The method also includes a step of fabricating a stepped spacer wafer including (i) a plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N therethrough, and (ii) a plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N defining a respective thickness of the stepped spacer wafer at least partially surrounding a respective one of the plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N. Each of the plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N is equal to a difference between (a) a respective one of the plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N, and (b) a uniform thickness that is the same for each of the plurality of thicknesses.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a stepped spacer wafer for a wafer-level camera includes a step of measuring a plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N of a respective one of a plurality of lenses L1,2, . . . , N of a lens wafer. The method also includes a step of fabricating a stepped spacer wafer including (i) a plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N therethrough, and (ii) a plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N defining a respective thickness of the stepped spacer wafer at least partially surrounding a respective one of the plurality of apertures A1,2, . . . , N. Each of the plurality of thicknesses T1,2, . . . , N is equal to a difference between (a) a respective one of the plurality of focal lengths f1,2, . . . , N, and (b) a uniform thickness that is the same for each of the plurality of thicknesses.

Abstract: Wafer-level optical elements and the concave spacer-wafer apertures in which they are formed are disclosed. The wafer-level optical elements include a spacer wafer comprising a plurality of apertures. Each aperture has a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer and an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section. The wafer-level optical elements also include an array of optical elements, each optical element of the array being formed of cured flowable material within a respective one of the plurality of apertures. A portion of the cured flowable material forming each optical element extends into the overflow region of the respective aperture of the plurality of apertures. The spacer wafer includes a plurality of apertures, each of the plurality of apertures having a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer. Each of the plurality of apertures includes an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section.

Abstract: A wafer-level method for fabricating a plurality of cameras includes modifying an image sensor wafer to reduce risk of the image sensor wafer warping, and bonding the image sensor wafer to a lens wafer to form a composite wafer that includes the plurality of cameras. A wafer-level method for fabricating a plurality of cameras includes bonding an image sensor wafer to a lens wafer, using a pressure sensitive adhesive, to form a composite wafer that includes the plurality of cameras.

Abstract: An apparatus including a pixel array including a plurality of pixels and a filter array positioned over the pixel array, the color filter array comprising a plurality of tiled minimal repeating units, each minimal repeating unit including a plurality of enmeshed filter sets, each filter set including a different set of colors than any other filter set in the filter array. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A method for black coating camera cubes at wafer level includes expanding the gap between individual diced camera cubes of the wafer by stretching tape securing the diced camera cubes. The method includes applying a black coating layer to the stretched camera cubes, laser trimming undesired portions of the black coating layer, and removing the undesired portions of the black coating layer.

Abstract: Wafer-level optical elements and the concave spacer-wafer apertures in which they are formed are disclosed. The wafer-level optical elements include a spacer wafer comprising a plurality of apertures. Each aperture has a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer and an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section. The wafer-level optical elements also include an array of optical elements, each optical element of the array being formed of cured flowable material within a respective one of the plurality of apertures. A portion of the cured flowable material forming each optical element extends into the overflow region of the respective aperture of the plurality of apertures. The spacer wafer includes a plurality of apertures, each of the plurality of apertures having a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer. Each of the plurality of apertures includes an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section.

Abstract: A wafer-level method for fabricating a plurality of cameras includes modifying an image sensor wafer to reduce risk of the image sensor wafer warping, and bonding the image sensor wafer to a lens wafer to form a composite wafer that includes the plurality of cameras. A wafer-level method for fabricating a plurality of cameras includes bonding an image sensor wafer to a lens wafer, using a pressure sensitive adhesive, to form a composite wafer that includes the plurality of cameras.

Abstract: A method for black coating camera cubes at wafer level includes expanding the gap between individual diced camera cubes of the wafer by stretching tape securing the diced camera cubes. The method includes applying a black coating layer to the stretched camera cubes, laser trimming undesired portions of the black coating layer, and removing the undesired portions of the black coating layer.

Abstract: An apparatus including a pixel array including a plurality of pixels and a filter array positioned over the pixel array, the color filter array comprising a plurality of tiled minimal repeating units, each minimal repeating unit including a plurality of enmeshed filter sets, each filter set including a different set of colors than any other filter set in the filter array. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.