Abstract: There is provided a method for making a monovalent inorganic anion-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material by first reacting a magnesium-containing powder and a transition alumina powder in a carboxylic acid-free, aqueous suspension to form a meixnerite intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with a monovalent inorganic anion, in its acid or soluble salt form, to make a hydrotalcite-like material. The latter is then separated from the suspension. Representative materials include a bromide-, chloride-, nitrate- or vanadate-intercalated, hydrotalcite-like material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for making a polyvalent inorganic anion-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material by first reacting a magnesium-containing powder and a transition alumina powder in a carboxylic acid-free, aqueous suspension to form a meixnerite intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with a polyvalent inorganic anion, in its acid, acid salt or ammonium salt form, to make a hydrotalcite-like material. The latter is then separated from the suspension. Representative materials include a borate- metatungstate- and paramolybdate-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for making a divalent inorganic anion-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material by first reacting a magnesium-containing powder and a transition alumina powder in a carboxylic acid-free aqueous suspension to form a meixnerite intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with a divalent inorganic anion, in its acid, acid salt or ammonium salt form, to make a hydrotalcite-like material. The latter is then separated from the suspension. Representative materials include a sulfate- and metavanadate-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method for making synthetic hydrotalcite by first reacting a divalent metal compound with a trivalent metal oxide powder in a carboxylic acid-free, aqueous solution or suspension to form an intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with an anion source such as carbon dioxide; a carbonate-containing compound; an acid or an ammonium salt to form a layered double hydroxide having the formula:A.sub.1-x B.sub.x (OH).sub.2 C.sub.z.mH.sub.2 O, where A represents a divalent metal cation, B represents a trivalent metal cation, C represents a mono- to polyvalent anion, and x, z and m satisfy the following conditions: 0.09<x<0.67; z=x/n, where n=the charge on the anion; and 2>m>0.5. Said layered double hydroxide is typically separated from the suspension by filtering, centrifugation, vacuum dehydration or other known means.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method for making synthetic hydrotalcite by first reacting powdered magnesium oxide with a high surface area, transition alumina in a solution or suspension to form a meixnerite-like intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with an anion source such as an acid, and most preferably carbon dioxide, to form the layered double hydroxide which is separated from the suspension by filtering, centrifugation, vacuum dehydration or other known means. On a preferred basis, the transition alumina combined with activated magnesia consists essentially of an rehydratable alumina powder having a surface area of 100 m.sup.2 /g or greater. To make related double hydroxide compounds, still other reactants such as bromides, chlorides, boric acids, or salts thereof, may be substituted for the carbon dioxide gas fed into this suspension.

Abstract: There is provided a method for making monovalent organic anion-intercalated hydrotalcite-like materials by first reacting a magnesium-containing powder and a transition alumina powder in a carboxylic acid-free, aqueous suspension to form a meixnerite intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with a monovalent organic anion to form a hydrotalcite-like material. The latter is then separated from the suspension. Representative materials include a stearate-, acetate- or benzoate-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for making a divalent or polyvalent organic anion-intercalated hydrotalcite-like materials by first reacting a magnesium-containing powder and a transition alumina powder in an aqueous suspension to form a meixnerite intermediate. This intermediate is then contacted with a dicarboxylate or polycarboxylate anion to form a hydrotalcite-like material. The latter is then separated from the suspension. Representative materials include an oxalate-, succinate- or terephthalate-intercalated hydrotalcite-like material.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved method for making synthetic meixnerite having reduced carbonate contamination levels and a x-ray diffraction pattern resembling that shown in FIG. 1, the meixnerite is made by combining magnesium oxide and transition alumina, preferably an activated alumina powder having a BET surface area of about 100 m.sup.2 /g or greater, in a substantially carbonate-free environment.

Abstract: A method for the production of aluminum hydroxide, including reacting water in the liquid phase and aluminum at a pH above about 12.4. In this pH range, aluminum hydroxide is produced at acceptable rates both for aluminum surface areas above 75,000 mm.sup.2 /g and for aluminum surface area of less than about 50,000 mm.sup.2 per gram, and even down to 20 mm.sup.2 per gram. According to an alternative view of the invention, it is characterized by the production of aluminum hydroxide by reacting aluminum with liquid water containing choline. Aluminum hydroxide particles having unique morphologies are obtained.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating the surface of a valve metal such as aluminum to form a two layer protective coating thereon using an anodizing bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution having a concentration ranging from about 0.001 molar to a saturated solution of a monomeric phosphorus- containing compound selected from the class consisting of a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphonic acid, a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphinic acid, and mixtures thereof. The valve metal surface is anodized in the anodizing bath while maintaining a voltage selected from a range of from about 1 to about 400 volts until the current density falls to a level indicative of the fact that a nonporous valve oxide layer has been formed on the valve metal surface and a reaction product from the monomeric phosphonic/phosphinic acid compound is chemically bonded to the oxide layer.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane is disclosed comprising a permeable inorganic membrane capable of reacting with an organic acid. The treated membrane has good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14, is capable of controlling the flux through the membrane, has altered internal and external wetting properties of the membrane surface, and has controlled pore size due to the presence of a monomolecular layer of an organic acid material chemically bonded to the surface of the inorganic membrane. The monomolecular layer of organic acid material is formed on the membrane surface by contacting the membrane with an organic acid reactant selected from the class consisting of phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH).sub.2 ; phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); monocarboxylic acids having the formula RCOOH; dicarboxylic acids having the formula R"(COOH).sub.2 ; boronic acid having the formula RB(OH).sub.

Abstract: A chromatographic packing material is disclosed which comprises generally spherical metal oxide/hydroxide support particles comprising crystals extending radially outward from a central core region and having a shape selected from principally acicular to principally lamellar and having bonded to the surface of said metal oxide/hydroxide support particles a layer of one or more phosphorus-containing organic materials comprised of a phosphorus-containing acid group bonded to said metal oxide/hydroxide particles and an unreacted carbon-containing acid group.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating the surface of a valve metal such as aluminum to form a two layer protective coating thereon using an anodizing bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution having a concentration ranging from about 0.001 molar to a saturated solution of a monomeric phosphorus-containing compound selected from the class consisting of a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphonic acid, a 1-30 carbon water soluble phosphinic acid, and mixtures thereof. The valve metal surface is anodized in the anodizing bath while maintaining a voltage selected from a range of from about 1 to about 400 volts until the current density falls to a level indicative of the fact that a nonporous valve oxide layer has been formed on the valve metal surface and a reaction product from the monomeric phosphonic/phosphinic acid compound is chemically bonded to the oxide layer.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed which comprises a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon a substantially monomolecular layer of organic acid molecules. Each organic acid molecule is chemically bonded to a reactive site on the oxide/hydroxide surface through a phosphorus-containing acid group selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group and a phosphinic acid group. Each organic acid molecule also comprises an unreacted acid group oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface and selected from the class consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: An active material and method of making same are disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon, a layer of a perfluorinated organic material formed by reacting with the metal oxide/hydroxide a perfluorinated organic acid comprised of an acid group and a perfluorinated carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface is formed by reaction of the acid group with the metal oxide/hydroxide surface, so that the perfluorinated carbon-containing group is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface. The perfluorinated organic acid may be a perfluorinated phosphonic acid, a perfluorinated phosphinic acid, a perfluorinated carboxylic acid, or a mixture of two or more of the acids.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane is disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide capable of reacting with a phosphoric acid ester. The treated membrane has good chemical stability over a pH range of from 2 to 12. Chemically bonded to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface of the membrane is a monomolecular layer of one or more phosphoric acid esters selected from the class consisting of one or more phosphoric acid monoesters having the formula (RO)PO(OH).sub.2, one or more phosphoric acid diesters having the formula (RO)(R'O)PO(OH), and mixtures of same where R comprises a 1-30 carbon-containing group and R'comprises hydrogen or a 1-30 carbon-containing group. Excess phosphoric acid esters not bonded to the underlying membrane surface is removed to ensure formation of the monomolecular layer of the phosphoric acid esters on the surfaces of the membrane.

Abstract: A treated permeable inorganic membrane having good chemical stability over a pH range of from 1 to 14. The monomolecular layer of organic acid material is formed on the membrane surface by contacting phosphonic acid having the formula RPO(OH).sub.2 ; phosphinic acid having the formula RR'PO(OH); monocarboxylic acids having the formula RCOOH; dicarboxylic acids having the formula R"(COOH).sub.2 ; or boronic acid having the formula RB(OH).sub.2.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing the amount of a first contaminant and second contaminant in a solution to environmentally safe levels, said solution having a substantially greater amount of the first contaminant than the second contaminant. The method comprises: contacting the solution with an activated or calcined product of a compound having the formula A.sub.6 B.sub.2 (OH).sub.16 C.4H.sub.2 O, wherein A is a divalent metal cation, B is a trivalent metal cation and C is a mono- to tetravalent anion. The method further comprises separating the solution from the contacted product. The method is particularly useful for removing both selenium and sulfate, arsenic and sulfate, or arsenic and phosphate from a waste water stream. An unpredicted preference for selenium and arsenic, in the presence of other contaminants including sulfate and phosphate, was also shown herein.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon, a monolayer of a phosphorus-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorus-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorus-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.