Abstract: Copolymers of (1) from about 80% to about 98% by weight of acrylic acid and (2) from about 2% to about 20% by weight of itaconic acid and having a weight average molecular weight of between about 100,000 to about 800,000 and which are at least water dispersible are useful as retention aids for paper coating compositions.

Abstract: Binary mixtures of polyacrylates and sodium silicates are used as deflocculating agents for kaolin slurries to ensure pumpability and pourability of the slurry. An example of a binary mixture is a mixture of 67% by weight sodium polyacrylate having a weight average molecular weight of 4,200 and 33% by weight of sodium silicate on a dry solids basis.

Abstract: Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present as a dispersant an alkali or ammonium bis-alkyl sulfosuccinate. An example is the sodium salt of bis-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate.

Abstract: Slurries of carbonaceous material in oil, particularly coal, are stabilized with particular tertiary amines. An example is tallow amine first condensed with two moles of propylene oxide and then condensed with thirteen moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Binary surfactant mixtures are added to particulate carbonaceous materials in oil slurries such as coal oil (COM) or coke oil mixtures in an amount sufficient to stabilize slurries during storage and dispersing at various temperatures. These stabilizer mixtures are added to either the oil or slurry and are effective with or without addition of water. Coal/coke oil slurries may contain from about 30 to about 90 parts by weight of oil, about 10 to about 70 parts by weight of powdered coal or coke, about 0.01 to about 6.0 parts by weight of the stabilizer mixture and about 0 to about 10 parts by weight of water. A useful stabilizer mixture contains from about 0.25 to about 0.75 parts by weight of an imidazoline quaternary salt and from about 0.75 to about 0.25 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant which is ethylene diamine condensed first with about 80 moles of propylene oxide and then with about 20 moles of ethylene oxide.