Abstract: This document discloses an apparatus including a casing including a base, wherein the base includes fittings for the plurality of antenna elements; the plurality of antenna elements provided in a modular structure in the casing and including at least one common module, a plurality of antenna-specific modules, and a plurality of antenna modules each including at least one antenna, wherein the at least one common module is configured to connect to a plurality of antenna-specific modules and perform at least one signal processing operation commonly for the plurality of antenna-specific modules, wherein each antenna-specific module is configured to connect to a subset of antenna modules, and wherein each antenna module includes a dedicated radio frequency cable connecting the antenna element to an antenna-specific module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a base station comprising distributed processor architecture and a method of booting distributed processor architecture of a base station. The distributed processor architecture of the base station comprises a main unit and at least one sub-unit connected to it via the Ethernet. In the method, the main unit is booted, which main unit releases the sub-unit from reset. The control logic of the sub-unit reads the initialization parameters of the MAC controller stored in the read-only memory of the sub-unit. The MAC controller is initialized by using the read initialization parameters, after which boot software is loaded to the sub-unit via the Ethernet. Finally, the sub-unit is booted with the loaded boot software.

Abstract: A packet transmission method and apparatus for transmitting data packets via a telecommunication network are described, wherein the quality of a received data packet is judged and the data packet is tagged in response to the result of the quality judgment. The tagging is performed by adding a dropping information, wherein a tagged cell is dropped on the basis of the dropping information and a predetermined dropping condition such as a transmission congestion situation and/or an overuse of a contract of a particular connection. In the uplink direction, the quality judgment can be based on an error check or a comparison of a quality base likelihood parameter with a threshold value. In the downlink direction, the quality judgment can be performed on the basis of an uplink quality parameter and/or a downlink power control status. Accordingly, in case of a congestion and/or an overuse of a particular connection, low quality transmission packets are dropped first to thereby reduce traffic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a base station comprising distributed processor architecture and a method of booting distributed processor architecture of a base station. The distributed processor architecture of the base station comprises a main unit and at least one sub-unit connected to it via the Ethernet. In the method, the main unit is booted, which main unit releases the sub-unit from reset. The control logic of the sub-unit reads the initialization parameters of the MAC controller stored in the read-only memory of the sub-unit. The MAC controller is initialized by using the read initialization parameters, after which boot software is loaded to the sub-unit via the Ethernet. Finally, the sub-unit is booted with the loaded boot software.

Abstract: A packet transmission method and apparatus for transmitting data packets via a telecommunication network are described, wherein the quality of a received data packet is judged and the data packet is tagged in response to the result of the quality judgment. The tagging is performed by adding a dropping information, wherein a tagged cell is dropped on the basis of the dropping information and a predetermined dropping condition such as a transmission congestion situation and/or an overuse of a contract of a particular connection. In the uplink direction, the quality judgment can be based on an error check or a comparison of a quality base likelihood parameter with a threshold value. In the downlink direction, the quality judgment can be performed on the basis of an uplink quality parameter and/or a downlink power control status. Accordingly, in case of a congestion and/or an overuse of a particular connection, low quality transmission packets are dropped first to thereby reduce traffic.

Abstract: A payment instrument unit that can be connected to a vending machine, comprising a connecting member for connecting the payment instrument unit to the corresponding member of the vending machine, and a means of communicating with the vending machine by using a certain vending machine protocol, is characterized in comprising a first means that comprises a first data transmission device for receiving a contact request from wireless terminal equipment, and a second means comprising a second data transmission device for authenticating the user of the said wireless terminal equipment.

Abstract: A method for detecting a leak in a resilient, semi-hard and hard package includes a test gas supplied to the package to subject the contents of the package to a first pressure. The package is then maintained for a predetermined time in a chamber having a gas pressure, and the presence of gas is detected in a measuring space in gas flow relationship with the chamber by a detection apparatus. In order for the method to be rapid enough to be suitable for detecting very small holes in packages and for use in production plants without a change in their operating rate, a hydrogen gas having a hydrogen gas concentration from 0.0001-6% by volume is used as the test gas supplied to the package, and the hydrogen gas concentration of the gas within the chamber is maintained below a reference concentration that is lower than the hydrogen gas concentration in the package immediately after the addition of hydrogen gas to the package.

Abstract: A method for improving the delectability of a broadcast control channel of base in a radio system in which the transmitting and receiving frequency resources of respective transceiver units have been divided on the TDMA/FDMA principle into channels. The base stations have equipment for establishing radio connections to radio units in their respective radio coverage areas, and respective transmitters for transmitting a broadcast control channel. At least two of the base stations are arranged to transmit the broadcast control channel by utilizing the same predetermined frequency channel. In order to reduce interference, the transmission power used when transmitting on the predetermined frequency channel by the transmitters of the respective base stations is adjusted so as to be lower in those time slots in which the broadcast control channel is not transmitted, than it is in that or those time slots in which the broadcast control channel is transmitted.

Abstract: For implementing frequency-hopping in a base station, of a digital cellular radio system a first signal modulated by a base band data signal and transmitted on a first carrier frequency. The signal is divided in the time domain into several time slots, of which one time slot transmits the common control channel of the base station equipment and the other time slots transmit information regarding different connections. For an economical implementation of frequency-hopping in a base station having one transceiver unit, the base station further transmits a second signal modulated by the same base band data signal, on a second carrier frequency. The second signal is divided in the time domain into several time slots, each of which transmits the same information as the first signal, except the time slot that transmits the common control channel of the base station equipment.