Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator having an optical modulation high frequency line through which a high frequency electrical signal can be efficiently input to an optical modulation region and which is in a broadband. High frequency lines of an optical modulator, that is, an input high frequency line, an optical modulation high frequency line, and an output high frequency line have a line configuration in which each of the input high frequency line and the output high frequency line is divided into a plurality of segments, and adjacent segments of the plurality of the segments have different characteristic impedances and propagation constants. The input high frequency line and the output high frequency line may be implemented by changing a width or a thickness of a signal electrode formed on a dielectric forming a micro-strip line between adjacent segments.

Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator having an optical modulation high frequency line through which a high frequency electrical signal can be efficiently input to an optical modulation region and which is in a broadband. High frequency lines of an optical modulator, that is, an input high frequency line, an optical modulation high frequency line, and an output high frequency line have a line configuration in which each of the input high frequency line and the output high frequency line is divided into a plurality of segments, and adjacent segments of the plurality of the segments have different characteristic impedances and propagation constants. The input high frequency line and the output high frequency line may be implemented by changing a width or a thickness of a signal electrode formed on a dielectric forming a micro-strip line between adjacent segments.

Abstract: Abrasives, a polishing composition, and a polishing method that can reduce undulation of an outer surface of a resin coating by polishing with reduced occurrence of polishing flaws. The polishing composition includes abrasives of aluminium oxide particles having a specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more and 50 m2/g or less and an average secondary particle diameter of 0.05 ?m or more and 4.8 ?m or less. This polishing composition can be used for polishing an outer surface of the resin coating.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-frequency line adopting a structure to suppress an impedance variation and occurrence of an excessive power loss in high-frequency wiring having intersection with an optical waveguide. A high-frequency line is a microstrip line which has a basic configuration of stacking a ground electrode, a dielectric layer, and a signal electrode in this order on a SI-InP substrate. In addition, as shown in a transverse sectional view, an optical waveguide core made of InP-based semiconductor intersects with the high-frequency line in a crossing manner. A width of the signal electrode is partially increased in a certain region covering the intersection with the optical waveguide along a propagating direction of the high-frequency line. In the microstrip line, the width of the signal electrode is partially increased from w1 to w2, and characteristic impedance is thus reduced as compared to one with the uniform width w1.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-frequency line adopting a structure to suppress an impedance variation and occurrence of an excessive power loss in high-frequency wiring having intersection with an optical waveguide. A high-frequency line is a microstrip line which has a basic configuration of stacking a ground electrode, a dielectric layer, and a signal electrode in this order on a SI-InP substrate. In addition, as shown in a transverse sectional view, an optical waveguide core made of InP-based semiconductor intersects with the high-frequency line in a crossing manner. A width of the signal electrode is partially increased in a certain region covering the intersection with the optical waveguide along a propagating direction of the high-frequency line. In the microstrip line, the width of the signal electrode is partially increased from w1 to w2, and characteristic impedance is thus reduced as compared to one with the uniform width w1.

Abstract: Abrasives, a polishing composition, and a polishing method that can reduce undulation of an outer surface of a resin coating by polishing with reduced occurrence of polishing flaws. The polishing composition includes abrasives of aluminium oxide particles having a specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more and 50 m2/g or less and an average secondary particle diameter of 0.05 ?m or more and 4.8 ?m or less. This polishing composition can be used for polishing an outer surface of the resin coating.

Abstract: A polishing pad capable of removing waviness of a surface of a polishing target having a curved surface is provided. A polishing pad (10) includes a structure (40, 50) including a polishing surface (30) formed of a hard resin layer (40), the structure (40, 50) allowing the polishing surface (30) to follow a curved surface of a polishing target (90).

Abstract: To lengthen the insulating distance from a conductive member to the outer surface of a housing while curtailing any increase in the size of a connector, a plurality of ribs are formed on a cover which protrude towards a housing and surround the outer periphery of a housing chamber in the housing. Grooves are formed in the housing for insertion of the ribs. The plurality of ribs provided in the cover include a first rib positioned in the longitudinal direction relative to the housing chamber, and a second rib positioned on the side of the housing chamber with an opening for insertion of another connector.

Abstract: The present invention includes a reactor main body (4) that is formed into a tubular shape having an axis (O) as the center and accumulates a slurry (S); a gas supply line (10) for incorporating a synthesis gas (G) into the reactor main body (4), and a sparger part (5) that is disposed in a lower portion within the reactor main body (4), communicates with the gas supply line (10), and sprays the synthesis gas (G). The sparger part (5) includes a header tube (15) in which a plurality of openings are formed so as to be separated from each other in a first direction and which sprays the synthesis gas (G) from the openings, and a pair of wall surface parts that protrude from the header tube (15), on opposing sides of the plurality of openings and in a direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus according to the present invention includes a reaction vessel that brings a synthesis gas having carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas as main components into contact with a slurry having a solid catalyst suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon compound to synthesize a liquid hydrocarbon compound using a Fischer-Tropsch reaction; a filter that is provided within the reaction vessel and is configured to separate the liquid hydrocarbon compound from the catalyst; and a powdered catalyst particles-discharging device configured to discharge powdered catalyst particles in the solid catalyst in the slurry to the outside of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A start-up method for a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus, comprising: an initial slurry-loading step in which the slurry is loaded into the reactor at the initial stage of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction at a lower loading rate than that applied to the reactor in a steady-state operation; and a CO conversion ratio-increasing step in which the liquid level of the slurry in the reactor is raised by adding to the slurry the hydrocarbons synthesized at the early stage of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction so that the CO conversion ratio is increased in proportion to a rise in the liquid level of the slurry in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention includes a reactor main body (4) that is formed into a tubular shape having an axis (O) as the center and accumulates a slurry (S); a gas supply line (10) for incorporating a synthesis gas (G) into the reactor main body (4), and a sparger part (5) that is disposed in a lower portion within the reactor main body (4), communicates with the gas supply line (10), and sprays the synthesis gas (G). The sparger part (5) includes a header tube (15) in which a plurality of openings are formed so as to be separated from each other in a first direction and which sprays the synthesis gas (G) from the openings, and a pair of wall surface parts that protrude from the header tube (15), on opposing sides of the plurality of openings and in a direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A connector having a housing and a terminal made installed therein is disclosed. The terminal has a base portion held by the housing, a first contact member connected on one end to the base portion in the longitudinal direction, and a pair of second contact members connected to the ends of the base portion in the longitudinal direction. The first contact member includes a first contact portion in the vertical direction. Each second contact member includes a second contact portion in the vertical direction. The pair of second contact members is arranged linearly in the longitudinal direction of the base portion. The first and second contact members are arranged in the transverse direction of the base portion. The first contact portion and the second contact portion are positioned on the base portion.

Abstract: To lengthen the insulating distance from a conductive member to the outer surface of a housing while curtailing any increase in the size of a connector, a plurality of ribs are formed on a cover which protrude towards a housing and surround the outer periphery of a housing chamber in the housing. Grooves are formed in the housing for insertion of the ribs. The plurality of ribs provided in the cover include a first rib positioned in the longitudinal direction relative to the housing chamber, and a second rib positioned on the side of the housing chamber with an opening for insertion of another connector.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus according to the present invention includes a reaction vessel that brings a synthesis gas having carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas as main components into contact with a slurry having a solid catalyst suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon compound to synthesize a liquid hydrocarbon compound using a Fischer-Tropsch reaction; a filter that is provided within the reaction vessel and is configured to separate the liquid hydrocarbon compound from the catalyst; and a powdered catalyst particles-discharging device configured to discharge powdered catalyst particles in the solid catalyst in the slurry to the outside of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A filter cleaning apparatus used in a reaction system including; a reaction tank having a filter, first feed line connected to the filter at one end, a recovery tank connected to the other end of the first feed line, and second feed line connected to the recovery tank at one end, is provided. The filter cleaning apparatus includes; first return line connected the second feed line at one end, first and second reverse cleaning solution tanks connected to the first return line, a first flow rate adjusting valve that can adjust filtered fluid to be supplied to the first reverse cleaning solution tank, a second flow rate adjusting valve that can adjust filtered fluid to be supplied to the second reverse cleaning solution tank, and a switching section that carries either one of the filtered fluids accommodated in these reverse cleaning solution tanks by switching.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus includes a reactor bringing synthesis gas into contact with a slurry having a solid catalyst suspended in liquid hydrocarbons to synthesize hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction; a cylindrical inner tube having a lower end arranged within the reactor at a predetermined distance from the bottom thereof; and a sparger arranged on an inner lower side of the inner tube, which blows the synthesis gas toward the inside of the inner tube. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction region, where the slurry including bubbles flows out from inside the inner tube through an upper end thereof, is formed in a space between a virtual extension portion of the upper end of the inner tube and an inner surface of the reactor, wherein the slurry is held within the reactor until the upper end of the inner tube is lower than the liquid level of the slurry.

Abstract: A synthesis reaction system is provided with: a reactor which synthesizes a hydrocarbon compound by a chemical reaction of a synthesis gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components, and a slurry having solid catalyst particles suspended in liquid; a separator which separates the hydrocarbon compound from the slurry; and a filtering device which filters the hydrocarbon compound extracted from the separator to trap powdered catalyst particles.

Abstract: A start-up method for a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus, comprising: an initial slurry-loading step in which the slurry is loaded into the reactor at the initial stage of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction at a lower loading rate than that applied to the reactor in a steady-state operation; and a CO conversion ratio-increasing step in which the liquid level of the slurry in the reactor is raised by adding to the slurry the hydrocarbons synthesized at the early stage of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction so that the CO conversion ratio is increased in proportion to a rise in the liquid level of the slurry in the reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst separation system which separates catalyst particles from liquid hydrocarbons synthesized by a chemical reaction of a synthesis gas including a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide as the main components, and a slurry having solid catalyst particles suspended in a liquid, the catalyst separation system is provided with: a reactor; a storage tank which stores the slurry drawn from the reactor; a plurality of filters which filters the slurry; and a filtrate recovery vessel which recovers a filtrate which has passed through the plurality of filters, wherein the plurality of filters is disposed in series in a flow line for the slurry from the storage tank to the filtrate recovery vessel.