Abstract: A method for producing a brown coated article, wherein an iron substrate is dipped at a temperature of from 430.degree. to 600.degree. C. in a molten Zn plating bath containing from 0.05 to 1% by weight of Mn, so as to zinc hot-dip galvanize the same, a heat treatment is carried out to convert the Zn-Mn phase formed by the zinc hot-dip galvanizing to a Zn-Mn-Fe phase, and subsequently the zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer is brought into contact with an acidic aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A Zn-Ni alloy having a high Ni content is used for supplying Ni.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+ ions into an acidic plating bath and for supplying Ni and Zn into a hot dip galvanizing bath. This alloy is characterized by being produced by using a flux consisting of a fused-salt former, which forms a salt having a melting temperature of 700.degree. C. or less, and Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 and occasionaly additionally Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3. By using the inventive alloy, the bath can be quickly prepared, and Zn and Ni can be supplied to the bath without leaving the undissolved residue.

Abstract: A sputtering target for forming a thin film consisting of high-purity titanium, in which the content of alkali metal is 0.1 ppm or less, the content of radio active elements is 1 ppb or less, and the oxygen content is 100 ppm or less, and, further, the balance of the elements is Ti, is produced by a fused salt electrolysis, in which the members of the electrolytic cell being in contact with the fused salt consist of Ni.

Abstract: A brown coated article which exhibits stable color is provided by the composition and structure of a zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer. The zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer consists essentially of from 1 to 15% by weight of Fe and from 0.05 to 1% by weight of Mn, and balance of Zn. A brown Zn-Mn-Fe oxide layer is present on the surface of the zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer.

Abstract: Zinc powder, which contains a coloring element, e.g., Ti, Mn, or V, is heated to a temperature of from 350.degree. to 700.degree. C. so as to oxidize the surface of the powder and hence to develop such colors as brown, navy blue, blue, greenish-brown, green, and coffee brown. The colored zinc powder is sprayed onto a steel, aluminum, or ceramic article to produce a colored article. The colored zinc powder is also used as a pigment.

Abstract: A clutch control apparatus for a mechanical supercharger is used in connection with a mechanical supercharger provided in the intake passage of an engine and driven by the output shaft of the engine through a clutch. The clutch control apparatus suppresses shock during clutch engagement and increases clutch life by controlling the slipping condition of the clutch when the mechanical supercharger is engaged.

Abstract: A control system for a power train having an engine, an automatic transmission, and a supercharger provided in an intake passage of the engine for supplying compressed air into a cylinder of the engine includes a first detector for detecting a demand for adding supercharging power, a second detector for detecting a demand for shifting the gear stage of the automatic transmission, and a controller for controlling both the supercharger and the automatic transmission in response to the first and the second detectors so that the supercharger and the automatic transmission have an interrelation with respect to the initiation of their respective operations when both the demand for adding the supercharger power and the demand for shifting the gear stage of the automatic transmission occur at the same time.

Abstract: A four wheel drive system for a vehicle includes comprising a power plant for producing a driving force, a front wheel driving mechanism for transmitting the driving force to drive right and left front wheels, a rear wheel driving mechanism for transmitting the driving force to drive right and left rear wheels, and right and left wheel clutches provided in one of the driving mechanisms for controlling the amount of the driving force transmitted to the wheels. A cut-off clutch is provided for controlling the driving force transmitted to the wheels of the one of the driving mechanisms, and a control device causes the cut-off clutch to engage before the wheel clutch is engaged. The driving force is transmitted sequentially rather than instantly from the cut-off clutch, the wheel clutches and to the wheels so as to suppress the torque shock creative in connection with a change in the drive condition.

Abstract: A four wheel drive system of a vehicle including a power plant for producing driving force, has a front wheel driving mechanism for transmitting the driving force to drive a right and left front wheels and rear wheel driving mechanism for transmitting the driving force to drive right and left rear wheels. Right and left wheel clutches provided in one of the driving mechanisms for control the amount of the driving force transmitted to the wheels, and steering angle detecting device detects a steering angle of a steering wheel. A control device increases torque distribution for the rear wheel driving mechanism in a cornering condition of the vehicle as a steering angle change rate is increased. The system provides the vehicle with a desirable torque distribution during a cornering operation so that improved cornering property is obtained.

Abstract: A drive control system of a four-wheel drive vehicle has a differential device interposed between front and rear wheels and a differential restricting device mounted to the differential device. The differential restricting device is subjected to feedback control so as for the wheels to reach a target slip ratio. In this control, a control target value is given by way of slip ratios of the wheels and the target slip ratios are then converted into a wheel speed difference between the front and rear wheels. The feedback control of the differential restricting device is performed by comparing the target wheel speed difference with an actual wheel speed difference between the front and rear wheels.

Abstract: A photosensitive material detecting apparatus having a single or a plurality of optical sensor(s) disposed at a selected location on a transport path of a photosensitive material and (each) including a light emitter and a light receiver for optically detecting the photosensitive material. This apparatus includes a pulse generator provided for a drive motor associated with the transport path. The pulse generator generates a pulse signal synchronized with rotation of the drive motor. The light emitters emit pulsed light whose intervals between ON periods are controlled on the basis of the pulse signal, such that the pulsed light has short intervals when the photosensitive material is transported at high speed and long intervals when the photosensitive material is transported at low speed.

Abstract: A power train control system for controlling power to be transmitted to a traction wheel of a vehicle from a vehicle engine through an automatic transmission shifts its speed range according to shift patterns depending upon speed of the vehicle and a load of the vehicle engine. When slippage occurring on the traction wheel is detected, the automatic transmission is caused to shift its speed range according to a specific shift pattern for traction control which predetermined according to at least a rotational speed of a driven wheel of the vehicle so as to control the power transmitted to the traction wheels from the vehicle engine, thereby eliminating the slippage.

Abstract: A method of correcting astigmatism of a variable shaped beam uses a charged beam lithographic apparatus having a deflector for generating the shaped beam, a focus correction coil for adjusting a focus of the shaped beam, and astigmatism correction coils for correcting the astigmatism of the shaped beam.

Abstract: An automatic speed control system for a vehicle includes an automatic transmission, a speed change switch for producing signals for changing a vehicle speed, and a shift down control device. The shift down control device carries out a shift down operation of the automatic transmission of the vehicle under a certain vehicle driving condition when the shift down control device receives the signals from the speed change switch. A gradient detecting device detects a gradient of a running path on which the vehicle is driven, and shift down prohibiting device prohibits the shift down operation even where the speed change switch is actuated to the vehicle speed at least when the gradient of a running path detected is greater than a predetermined value so that unnecessary shift changes are suppressed.

Abstract: The temperature within a drying section of a photosensitive material processing apparatus is controlled at a proper standby temperature when there is no photosensitive material within the apparatus. The standby temperature is estimated from temperature increase characteristics with reference to the operating temperature of the apparatus and/or the length of time required for photosensitve material to arrive at the drying section.

Abstract: An automatic processor (1) has a developing tank (2) filled with a developer. In a memory (12), five programs for conducting various types of replenishments of the developer with chemicals (A, B and C) are previously stored. Mixing ratios of the chemicals are also stored in the memory. Area of photosensitive materials brought into the automatic processor are detected by a sensor (8), and in accordance with the area, the chemicals are delivered to the developing tank. By variably determining the mixing ratios according to the respective purposes of the replenishments, the replenishments can be attained under optimum conditions.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes an operation amount detection section for detecting an operation amount of an acceleration pedal, a throttle valve for adjusting an engine output, an arithmetic section for receiving the output from the operation amount detection section and calculating a control amount corresponding to the output operation amount of the acceleration pedal in accordance with a predetermined characteristic, the control amount being one for controlling the throttle valve, a motor for receiving the output from the arithmetic section and driving the throttle valve in accordance with the control amount calculated by the arithmetic section, a return detection section for detecting a return state of the acceleration pedal, and a control section for, when the return detection section detects the return state of the acceleration pedal, controlling the arithmetic section to output the control amount in accordance with a characteristic with which the engine output is decreased below that according to

Abstract: There is provided a high-strength, easily-castable zinc alloy consisting substantially of, by weight, from 1 to 30 percent aluminum, from 1 to 20 percent copper, from 0.01 to 1 percent titanium, from 0.01 to 1 percent zirconium, and the balance zinc, and also is provided a high-strength, easily-castable zinc alloy further including from 0.01 to 0.1 percent magnesium. These alloys are useful in the manufacture of molds for injection molding of plastics or also useful as die casting products.

Abstract: A method of forming a fine pattern with a charged beam, comprises steps of irradiating, with a charged beam, a predetermined region of a sample to form an exposure pattern on the sample, and irradiating, with at least one of a charged beam or an electromagnetic wave, and at a dose smaller than the dose for forming the main pattern, the entire surface of the specific pattern and nonpattern regions around the specific pattern region to perform an auxiliary exposure. The step of performing the auxiliary exposure is performed at a high voltage of, for example, more than 30 KeV so as not to change the molecular distribution along the direction of thickness of an irradiated portion of the sample.