Abstract: Aromatic carbonates can be prepared economically and efficiently by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst wherein a palladium compound is supported on a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by the following formula (1) or (1′): M(1−x)M′xM″Oy  (1) (wherein, M is a group IIIB metal; x is a number of 0 to 1; M′ is a metal having an ionic radius of 0.90 Å or more; M″ is Mn, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni or Cu; y is a number of 2.5 to 3.5), or L(1−x)L′xL″Oy  (1′) (wherein, L is a group IIA or IVA metal taking a divalent state in the form of an oxide; x is a number of 0 to 1; L′ is a metal having an ionic radius of 0.90 Å or more; L″ is a group IVA, IVB or IIIB metal taking a tetravalent state in the form of an oxide; y is a number of 2.5 to 3.5), and the palladium accounts for 0.01 to 15% of the catalyst by weight.

Abstract: An aromatic polycarbonate depolymerization method comprising reacting an aromatic polycarbonate with water, an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenol which may be substituted by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the critical fluid of carbon dioxide or with the critical fluid of an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenol which may be substituted by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of isolating and recovering an aromatic carbonate, in which a solvent having a solubility parameter of 7 to 10 is added to a solution of the aromatic carbonate in an aromatic hydroxy compound to precipitate the aromatic carbonate in the form of a crystal and the aromatic carbonate is isolated and recovered.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic carbonate by reacting an aromatic monohydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of: (a) palladium or a palladium compound (component (a)); (b) a redox catalyst (component (b)); (c) a heteropoly-acid or salt thereof (component (c)); and (d) a quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt (component (d)), and under dehydration conditions. According to the present invention, an aromatic carbonate can be produced from an aromatic monohydroxy compound by a simple process economically and efficiently.

Abstract: Aromatic carbonates can be prepared economically and efficiently by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst wherein a palladium compound is supported on a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by the following formula (1) or (1′):

Abstract: Aromatic carbonates can be prepared economically and efficiently by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst wherein a palladium compound is supported on a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by the following formula (1) or (1′): M(1−x)M′xM″Oy  (1) (wherein, M is a group IIIB metal; x is a number of 0 to 1; M′ is a metal having an ionic radius of 0.90 Å or more; M″ is Mn, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni or Cu; y is a number of 2.5 to 3.5), or L(1−x)L′xL″Oy  (1′) (wherein, L is a group IIA or IVA metal taking a divalent state in the form of an oxide; x is a number of 0 to 1; L′ is a metal having an ionic radius of 0.90 Å or more; L″ is a group IVA, IVB or IIIB metal taking a tetravalent state in the form of an oxide; y is a number of 2.5 to 3.5), and the palladium accounts for 0.01 to 15% of the catalyst by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic carbonate by reacting an aromatic monohydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen, wherein

Abstract: Aromatic carbonates can be prepared economically and efficiently by reacting an aromatic hydroxy compound with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst wherein a palladium compound is supported on a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by the following formula (1) or (1′):

Abstract: An anhydrous crystalline, or crystalline hemihydrate, monohydrate or trihydrate of cephalosporin derivative of (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxy-iminoacetoamido]-3(1-qui nuclidiniummethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. These crystalline materials can maintain outstanding stability for a very long period of time and afford excellent practical uses as pharmaceutical compounds.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte having high electron conductivity and high oxide ion conductivity, which is composed of a sintered body consisting substantially of (a) an oxide of cobalt, (b) an oxide of at least one metal selected from strontium and lanthanum, and (c) an oxide of at least one metal selected from bismuth and cerium. This solid electrolyte is useful for selectively separating oxygen from a gaseous atmosphere having a high oxygen partial pressure into a gaseous atmosphere having a low oxygen partial pressure.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger composition consisting essentially of[I] as essential components,(a) an alkali metal sulfide, and(b) at least one oxidation promoter selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia and inorganic materials containing one of them as a main ingredient; and[II] as optional components,(c) at least one oxidation promoter aid,(d) a water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble, inert filler, and/or(e) water in a hydrous or hydrated condition,a heat-generating composition of said composition being capable of scavenging at least 5 ml of oxygen per gram of the composition in air at 20.degree. C. during the period of one hour after oxidation reaction has substantially begun and a heat-generating structure comprising said composition and a film having an oxygen permeability of 0.01 to 50 cc/cm.sup.2 .multidot.min..multidot.O.sub.2 partial pressure (1 atm.), said film covering the composition over an area of 0.2 to 10 cm.sup.2 per gram of said composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing amino alcohols, which comprises reacting a polyhydric alcohol containing at least one primary alcoholic hydroxyl group and at least one secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group and expressed by the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group an n is an integer of 0 to 3,With ammonia in the presence of specified hydrogenation catalyst thereby to aminate the secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group of the polyhydric alcohol selectively.

Abstract: An inclusion complex compound comprising (a) meta-cyclophane and (b) a trans-terpenoid of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 9; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 each represent (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a halogen atom, (3) an inorganic group containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, (4) an organic group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or (5) an organic group containing an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom and 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and C* is the carbon atom of a carbonyl or methylene group,Included by the meta-cyclophane. This inclusion complex compound can be prepared by contacting the meta-cyclophane with a mixture containing the trans-terpenoid. A trans-terpenoid can be separated from a mixture containing it by utilizing an inclusion complex compound of it with meta-cyclophane.

Abstract: A process for racemizing optically active amino compounds, which comprises contacting an optically active compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or non-aromatic heterocyclic group, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group,With ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.