Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic high-pressure process for the CO2 reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of iridium-comprising active compositions and also a preferred active composition in which Ir is present in finely dispersed form on zirconium dioxide-comprising support material. The predominant proportion of the zirconium dioxide preferably has a cubic and/or tetragonal structure and the zirconium dioxide is more preferably stabilized by means of at least one doping element. In the process of the invention, reforming gas is brought into contact at a pressure of greater than 5 bar, preferably greater than 10 bar and more preferably greater than 20 bar, and a temperature which is in the range from 600 to 1200° C., preferably in the range from 850 to 1100° C. and in particular in the range from 850 to 950° C., and converted into synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, wherein the catalyst comprises one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type and particles of one or more metal oxides, the one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type comprising one or more alkaline earth metals, and the particles of the one or more metal oxides comprising phosphorus, the phosphorus being present at least partly in oxidic form, and the one or more alkaline earth metals being selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and combinations of two or more thereof, to the preparation and use thereof, and to a process for converting oxygenates to olefins using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting oxygenates to olefins, comprising (1) providing a gas stream comprising one or more ethers; (2) contacting the gas stream provided in (1) with a catalyst, the catalyst comprising a support substrate and a layer applied to the substrate, the layer comprising one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, comprising a support substrate and a layer applied to the substrate, wherein the layer comprises one or more zeolites of the MFI, MEL and/or MWW structure type, the one or more zeolites comprising one or more alkaline earth metals, to the preparation and use thereof, and to a process for converting oxygenates to olefins using the catalyst.

Abstract: Iron- and manganese-containing heterogeneous catalyst, and a process for producing it, including the following steps: thermal decomposition of gaseous iron pentacarbonyl to give carbonyl iron powder having spherical primary particles; treatment of carbonyl iron powder with hydrogen, resulting in the metallic spherical primary particles at least partly agglomerating; surface oxidation of the iron particles to form iron oxide; contacting the particles with an aqueous solution of a manganese compound; drying in the presence of oxygen and subsequent calcination in the absence of oxygen, resulting in oxygen-comprising manganese compounds on the particles; and finally reaction of these with the iron oxide to form a mixed oxide of the formula MnxFe3-xO4, where 0<x?2. Process for preparing olefins by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the abovementioned iron- and manganese-comprising heterogeneous catalyst is used as catalyst.

Abstract: Iron- and copper-containing heterogeneous catalyst, and a process for producing it, including the following steps: thermal decomposition of gaseous iron pentacarbonyl to give carbonyl iron powder having spherical primary particles; treatment of carbonyl iron powder with hydrogen, resulting in the metallic spherical primary particles at least partly agglomerating; surface oxidation of the iron particles to form iron oxide; contacting the particles with an aqueous solution of a copper compound; drying in the presence of oxygen and subsequent calcination in the absence of oxygen, resulting in oxygen-comprising copper compounds on the particles; and finally reaction of these with the iron oxide to form a mixed oxide of the formula CuxFe3-xO4, where 0<x?1. Process for preparing olefins by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the abovementioned iron- and copper-comprising heterogeneous catalyst is used as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing tolylenediamine by hydrogenating dinitrotoluene with hydrogen in the presence of a suspended catalyst in a vertically upright reactor (1), at the upper end of which is arranged a motive jet nozzle (2) through which the reaction mixture drawn off from the reactor bottom, via an external loop, is sprayed into the upper region of the reactor (1) and then flows into a central inserted tube (4) which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, flows through the latter from the top downward and flows upward again outside the inserted tube (4) in an internal loop motion, with a heat exchanger (6) in the interior of the reactor (1), through which cooling water flows, and absorbs some of the heat of reaction as it does so, with a feed for the dinitrotoluene at the upper end of the reactor (1) and a feed for the hydrogen at the lower end of the reactor (1), and wherein, in addition to the heat exchanger (6) arranged in the interior of the reactor (1), a further heat exchanger (W

Abstract: Integrated process, in which pure carbonyl iron powder (CIP) is prepared by decomposition of pure iron pentacarbonyl (IPC) in a plant A, carbon monoxide (CO) liberated in the decomposition of the IPC is used in plant A for the preparation of further CIP from iron or is fed to an associated plant B for the preparation of synthesis gas or is fed to an associated plant C for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, and the CIP prepared in plant A is used as catalyst or catalyst component in an associated plant C for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas from plant B.

Abstract: Processes for preparing an amine are described which comprise reacting a primary or secondary alcohol, aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group of ammonia, primary and secondary amines, in the presence of a zirconium dioxide-, copper- and nickel-containing catalyst. The catalytically active composition of the catalyst, before its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of zirconium, of copper, of nickel, in the range from 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of oxygen compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of oxygen compounds of sulfur, of phosphorus, of gallium, of lead and/or of antimony, calculated in each case as H2SO4, H3PO4, Ga203, PbO and Sb203 respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a catalyst comprising an alloy of a metal of the platinum group and at least a second metal as alloying metal selected from among the metals of the platinum group and the transition metals, in which a catalyst comprising the metal of the platinum group is mixed with at least one complex each comprising the alloying metal to give an alloy precursor and the alloy precursor is heated in a continuously operated furnace to produce the alloy.

Abstract: A process continuously hydrogenating unsaturated compounds, in which particles of a first hydrogenation catalyst are suspended in a liquid phase in which an unsaturated compound is dissolved, the liquid phase, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a first partial hydrogen pressure and at a first temperature, is conducted through a packed bubble column reactor in cocurrent counter to the direction of gravity, the effluent from the bubble column reactor is sent to a gas-liquid separation, the liquid phase is sent to a crossfiltration to obtain a retentate and a filtrate, the retentate is recycled into the bubble column reactor and the filtrate, in the presence of a hydrogenous gas at a second partial hydrogen pressure and at a second temperature, is passed over a bed of a second hydrogenation catalyst, the second partial hydrogen pressure is at least 10 bar higher than the first partial hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cis-2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran comprising the catalytic hydrogenation of 2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-4-methylenetetrahydropyran in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising ruthenium on a support and subsequently bringing the compounds obtained in this way into contact with a strongly acidic cation exchanger.

Abstract: A process for preparing olefins by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a an iron-comprising heterogeneous catalyst produced by the following steps: thermal decomposition of gaseous iron pentacarbonyl to give carbonyl iron powder having spherical primary particles; treatment of carbonyl iron powder with hydrogen, resulting in the metallic spherical primary particles at least partially forming agglomerates; contacting the agglomerates with iron pentacarbonyl; and thermal decomposition of the iron pentacarbonyl to give at least predominantly pore-free and void-free secondary particles.

Abstract: In the process for hydrogenating butadiyne over a catalyst which comprises at least one platinum group metal on an inorganic metal oxide as a support, the hydrogenation is performed at a pressure in the range from 1 to 40 bar and a temperature in the range from 0 to 100° C., and from 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the overall catalyst, of platinum group metal is present on the support.

Abstract: Process for preparing olefins, which comprises the following steps: a) preparation of a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, b) introduction of carbon dioxide recirculated from step d) into the synthesis gas during or after the preparation of synthesis gas as per step a), c) conversion of the synthesis gas having a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of ?1.2:1 which is obtained in step b) into olefins in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, d) removal of the carbon dioxide comprised in the reaction product from step c), where the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in step c) is set via step b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of CO2, water and/or hydrogen. The production of the catalyst is based on contacting of a hydrotalcite-comprising starting material with a fusible metal salt. The compounds which have been brought into contact with one another are intimately mixed and treated thermally, resulting in the fusible metal salt forming a melt. After molding, the material is subjected to a high-temperature calcination step. The metal salt melt comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of K, La, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ce, preferably Ni. The metal salt melt more preferably comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate.

Abstract: Iron-comprising heterogeneous catalyst and a process for producing it, which comprises the steps of thermal decomposition of gaseous iron pentacarbonyl to give carbonyl iron powder having spherical primary particles, treatment of carbonyl iron powder with hydrogen, resulting in the metallic spherical primary particles at least partially forming agglomerates, contacting the agglomerates with iron pentacarbonyl, and thermal decomposition of the iron pentacarbonyl to give at least predominantly pore-free and void-free secondary particles.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbonaceous gas mixture, which comprises contacting the hydrocarbonaceous gas mixture with an adsorber material comprising copper oxide on magnesium silicate as support material.

Abstract: Processes for preparing an amine, the processes comprising: reacting a reactant selected from the group consisting of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and mixtures thereof, with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines and mixtures thereof, in the presence of a zirconium dioxide-, copper- and nickel-containing catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytically active composition which comprises, before reduction with hydrogen, oxygen compounds of zirconium, copper, and nickel, 1.5 to 4.5% by weight of an oxygen compound of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of at least one oxygen compound of niobium, sulfur, phosphorus, gallium, boron, lead or antimony, calculated in each case as Nb2O5, H2SO4, H3PO4, Ga2O3, B2O3, PbO and Sb2O3 respectively, and wherein the catalytically active composition does not comprise any molybdenum.

Abstract: Process for isomerizing linear alpha-olefins having from 10 to 25 carbon atoms over a heterogeneous catalyst.