Abstract: Nonaqueous electrolyte for high energy Li-ion batteries or batteries with lithium metal anode, in which the composition of additives are introduced to increase specific characteristics of lithium batteries including stability of the parameters during cycling and security of the battery operations, when the composition of the additives comprises the compounds from the class of esters, low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salts, and macromolecular polymer organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: Flexible optically transparent nano structured polymer material is based on the composition that includes the derivatives of polyurethanes, hardening agent, antistatic additive and modifiers. The structure of polymer includes nano and micro-domains and clusters of various sizes and configurations that are located in a certain order in the volume of the polymer and play the role of micro lenses that provide the concentration of the light and to concentration of light on the optical device and strengthen wave of optical radiation. The transparent polymer laminated, encapsulated or coated of incident light-facing surface of optical devices including the photovoltaic modules and imparts higher conversion efficiencies to photovoltaic modules, a high optical transparency, is resistant to the humidity and destructive effects of UV, has a good adhesion to the surface of the optical devices, and a good stability to deformation.

Abstract: The present invention involves the synthesis, preparation and use of a new family of proton conducting polymer membranes. These proton-conducting polymer membranes are produced from the products of joint condensation of polyamides with sulfonated aromatic derivatives of aldehydes in the presence of solvent and acid catalyst. The resulting products have low equivalent weight, high ionic conductivity at room temperature, excellent proton function value, and insignificant change of geometrical size due to swelling in water and acid solutions. The products exhibit high mechanical strength and thermal stability to more than 150° C., well in excess of that for poly-fluorinated compounds presently used in electrochemical membranes and sensors.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for determining the remaining service life of electrochemical energy generation and storage device including batteries, supercapacitors, DSSC solar cells and fuel cell. Measurements are performed by passing ultrasonic oscillations through the test object. The apparatus of the present invention comprises two arrays of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic probes between which the object being tested is affixed. Polyurethane tips are used for matching the acoustic resistance of the probes with the test object body. The apparatus positions the transmitting and the receiving probe arrays relative to each other. The calibration characteristic for determining the remaining service life of a the test object are established from the signal values from the ultrasonic probes related to the number of charge-discharge cycles obtained at various charge values.

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated method and apparatus for determining the quality of electrochemical energy storage devices, especially batteries. The invention is based on an integrated usage of electromagnetic and ultrasonic energy to probe of the interior volume of the battery. The first probe is carried out when the battery is at an initial charged state. After the first probe stage, a discharge of the battery being diagnosed is carried out until the test battery is at a small fixed test charge value. Signals from the eddy current probes allow determination of the continuity of the discharge current during the discharge process. After the discharge of the battery, the above described test sequence is repeated. The resultant eddy current signal generated at the initial state of the battery and the gradients of the eddy current signal and of the ultrasonic signal versus the battery capacity is determined.

Abstract: Electrochemical active cathode layers (MoO3, FeS2) are produced on the substrate of stainless steel, aluminum, or titanium by the method of thermal vacuum condensation-solidification. This method enables formation of active cathode layer in the wide thickness range of 0.5 ?m-3.0 mm.

Abstract: The present invention is a low-cost method for fabricating electrodes for batteries, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC or supercapacitors) and hybrid electrical energy storage devices. for which by low contact resistance between the metal current collector and carbon-containing electrode enhances performance. The electrodes comprise at least two layers. The first layer is a highly conductive carbon material, such as graphite, fused into the metal current collector. The second layer is a polarizing carbon-containing electrode typically comprising a nanoporous carbon powder pressed or rolled with a binder, or a composite that includes active materials (for example oxides, sulfides), binder and conductive additives such as carbon, black. The method provides electrodes with low interface resistance, which lowers the overall internal electrical resistance of the battery or EDLC devices in which they are used and allows it to deliver increased power.

Abstract: A method of nondestructive noncontact tightness testing of inner structure of articles based on gas discharge visualization includes the steps of providing a film for imaging on a dielectric plate and an electrode, the dielectric plate disposed on the electrode, and polarizing the dielectric plate by applying a series of high voltages pulses across the dielectric to provide a preliminary polarized dielectric plate. After the polarizing step, an article to be tested which has a multi-layer casing including an outer metallic layer is arranged on the film. The article is then subjected to a high voltage pulsed electric field by applying a high voltage electrical pulse between the electrode and the outer metallic layer and the electrode, wherein the pulsed electric field is combined with an electric field associated with the preliminary polarized dielectric plate triggers a gas discharge process. An image of the film is obtained on the film of an inner structure of the article based on the gas discharge process.

Abstract: The present invention is an integrated method and apparatus for determining the quality of electrochemical energy storage devices, especially batteries. The invention is based on an integrated usage of electromagnetic and ultrasonic energy to probe of the interior volume of the battery. The first probe is carried out when the battery is at an initial charged state. After the first probe stage, a discharge of the battery being diagnosed is carried out until the test battery is at a small fixed test charge value. Signals from the eddy current probes allow determination of the continuity of the discharge current during the discharge process. After the discharge of the battery, the above described test sequence is repeated. The resultant eddy current signal generated at the initial state of the battery and the gradients of the eddy current signal and of the ultrasonic signal versus the battery capacity is determined.

Abstract: A system for non-destructive non-contact quality inspection of dry electrode units of energy storage includes an eddy current-based inspection system having a conveyor belt, and a hollow dielectric shell. An outer surface of the shell has a plurality of spaced apart measuring transducers. Each of the transducers include a feed-through eddy current probe and at least two strap capacitors spatially linked therewith. In the related method, an electrode unit to be inspected is placed on the conveyor belt and enters and moves through the dielectric shell. The electrode unit is excited using a magnetic field from the eddy current probe as it passes by each of the plurality of transducers, where eddy currents at a plurality of frequencies are induced in the electrode unit. The modulation characteristics of impedance at a plurality of frequencies are measured by the probes, and from the impedance data it is determined whether the electrode unit is defective.

Abstract: Solid electrolytes of the composition: 60L2O·15Li2SO4·25B2O3; 65L2O·10Li2SO4·25B2O3; 65L2O·15Li2SO4·20B2O3; 60L2O·20Li2SO4·20B2O3; 59,55L2O·19,85Li2SO4·19,85B2O3·0,75MoO3, characterized by the high level of productivity, high ionic conductivity, negligible low level of electronic conductivity and resistance to metal lithium suitable for use in primary and rechargeable lithium power sources.

Abstract: The present invention involves the synthesis, preparation and use of a new family of proton conducting polymer membranes. These proton-conducting polymer membranes are produced from the products of joint condensation of polyamides with sulfonated aromatic derivatives of aldehydes in the presence of solvent and acid catalyst. The resulting products have low equivalent weight, high ionic conductivity at room temperature, excellent proton function value, and insignificant change of geometrical size due to swelling in water and acid solutions. The products exhibit high mechanical strength and thermal stability to more than 150° C., well in excess of that for poly-fluorinated compounds presently used in electrochemical membranes and sensors.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for determining the remaining service life of electrochemical energy generation and storage device including batteries, supercapacitors, DSSC solar cells and fuel cell. Measurements are performed by passing ultrasonic oscillations through the test object. The apparatus of the present invention comprises two arrays of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic probes between which the object being tested is affixed. Polyurethane tips are used for matching the acoustic resistance of the probes with the test object body. The apparatus includes means for positioning the transmitting and the receiving probe arrays relative to each other. The apparatus includes an electromagnetic means for measuring the test object thickness. The calibration characteristic for determining the remaining service life of a the test object are established from the signal values from the ultrasonic probes related to the number of charge-discharge cycles obtained at various charge values.

Abstract: A method of forming nanoporous carbon material includes the steps of providing a natural carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material having pores being filled with at least one other material, and treating the carbonaceous material with a strong acid or a strong base, wherein the other material is removed from the pores to form a nanoporous carbon material having open pores available for organic electrolyte. The nanoporous carbon material can be used to form composite electrodes by impregnating the open pores with an organic electrolyte. Such electrodes can be used to form electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC), such as by disposing an electrically insulating layer comprising a plurality of nano-size dielectric particles together with a binder directly onto a surface of at least one of anode and the cathode, and interposing the electrically insulating layer between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for non-contact measurement of electrical conductivity of powder-like materials using eddy currents includes the steps of placing a powder to be measured in a hollow dielectric sampling container, the sampling container disposed and freely axially moving within an outer dielectric housing. An eddy-current sensor including a winding is arranged on an outside surface of the housing. Current is forced in the winding to excite the powder to generate eddy currents. The introduced active resistance is measured at the eddy-current sensor and an electrical conductivity of the powder is determined using the measured active resistance. The powder is preferably vibration compacted and the density and electrical conductivity determined at a plurality of stages during the vibration compacting step.

Abstract: A method for depositing a thin film includes the steps of providing a vapor including at least one selected vapor phase component into an evacuated chamber and condensing the vapor onto a heated substrate to form a liquid phase deposit wherein a temperature of the substrate is lower than the condensation temperature of the component. The liquid deposit is then cooled to produce a solid phase film. The invention can provide two or more vapor phase components. The invention can be used to deposit a wide variety of layers, including thin films of metallic, semiconductor and nonmetallic inorganic materials. The invention is useful for forming solid electrolytes and the electrodes for batteries, fuel cells and other electromagnetically active devices.

Abstract: A method for depositing a thin film includes the steps of providing a vapor including at least one selected vapor phase component into an evacuated chamber and condensing the vapor onto a heated substrate to form a liquid phase deposit wherein a temperature of the substrate is lower than the condensation temperature of the component. The liquid deposit is then cooled to produce a solid phase film. The invention can provide two or more vapor phase components. The invention can be used to deposit a wide variety of layers, including thin films of metallic, semiconductor and nonmetallic inorganic materials. The invention is useful for forming solid electrolytes and the electrodes for batteries, fuel cells and other electromagnetically active devices.

Abstract: A method of noncontact measuring the electrical conductivity of electrolytes using a primary measuring transformer includes placing the electrolyte in a sampler, exciting an alternating magnetic field using an axisymmetrical eddy current sensor, switching to the sensor a capacitor of variable capacitance, tuning of the formed circuit in resonance with the frequency of the generator of harmonic oscillations, and recording the change in the introduced active resistance of the parametric eddy current sensor rated against its own inductive resistance.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for non-contact measurement of electrical conductivity of of powder-like materials using eddy currents includes the steps of placing a powder to be measured in a hollow dielectric sampling container, the sampling container disposed and freely axially moving within an outer dielectric housing. An eddy-current sensor including a winding is arranged on an outside surface of the housing. Current is forced in the winding to excite the powder to generate eddy currents. The introduced active resitance is measured at the eddy-current sensor and an electrical conductivity of the powder is determined using the measured active resistance. The powder is preferably vibration compacted and the density and electrical conductivity determined at a plurality of stages during the vibration compacting step.

Abstract: A system for non-destructive non-contact quality inspection of dry electrode units of energy storage includes an eddy current-based inspection system having a conveyor belt, and a hollow dielectric shell. An outer surface of the shell has a plurality of spaced apart measuring transducers. Each of the transducers include a feed-through eddy current probe and at least two strap capacitors spatially linked therewith. In the related method, an electrode unit to be inspected is placed on the conveyor belt and enters and moves through the dielectric shell. The electrode unit is excited using a magnetic field from the eddy current probe as it passes by each of the plurality of transducers, where eddy currents at a plurality of frequencies are induced in the electrode unit. The modulation characteristics of impedance at a plurality of frequencies are measured by the probes, and from the impedance data it is determined whether the electrode unit is defective.