Abstract: A method for reducing the accumulation of impurities on the vibrating surface of an ultrasonic transducer includes the steps of immersing the transducer in a liquid and orienting the vibrating surface of the transducer at an oblique angle to the liquid surface. At least one immersed acoustic mirror is oriented opposite the vibrating surface such that the ultrasonic waves originating at the transducer vibrating surface are reflected by the mirror and directed to the liquid surface at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: A method for protecting ultrasonic transducers from deterioration for use in devices having multiple transducers immersed in a liquid reservoir comprises the steps of placing each transducer within an isolation territory within the reservoir such that the territory is topologically bounded by at least one conductive member with the transducer and conductive member having no electrical contact. The potential between the conductive members is balanced by electrically interconnecting the members. The vibrating surface of each transducer and the centroid of each associated isolation territory are oriented approximately coaxially.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device for atomizing liquids has at least one atomization unit wherein an upward directed ultrasonic transducer is located at the bottom of the unit with the top of the unit being open. A reservoir is connected to the unit and a minimum liquid level is maintained in each unit during atomization. An electric supply is connected to the transducer and liquid is circulated from the reservoir, across each transducer, and back to the reservoir for removal of impurities.